Foundations
Which type of federalism resembles a marble cake and layered cake?
Dual Federalism and Cooperative Federalism
What doctorine was the outcome of Plessy v. Ferguson?
Separate but equal.
Name one of the two terms that “give” power away to another.
Devolution or Judicial Restraint.
What kind of republic did Fed. 10 wish for.
large republic to prevent factions from taking over.
What connects the people to government?
Linkage institutions.
Which powers are stated in Article 1 section 8, and who do they belong to.
Enumerated Powers for the federal government.
What test was used to see if a law violated freedom of religion?
The lemon test.
How does the president reach the people? (Three)
bully pulpit, state of the union address, media
What is Fed. 51 mainly about?
Checks and Balances (not separation of powers).
What is it called when you vote based on a candidates past performance?
Retrospective voting.
What caused the questioning of the articles of confederation and why.
Shey’s Rebellion failing articles (unable to tax, unregulated commerce, etc…)
What are the excuses for speech restriction?
Time, place, and manner (clear and present danger)
How does a member of Congress vote if they’re acting as a politico?
mixed model &/or situational voting
What are the 5 types of freedom of expression?
Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition government.
Hard money vs. soft money?
Hard money is direct campaign contributions that has limits. Soft money is unregulated unlimited contributions to political parties.
What are the four main ways to show participatory democracy?
Voting, recall, initiative, and referendum.
What is the difference between the two freedom of religion clauses?
Establishment prevents the favor of a religion or creation. Exercise protects a regions rights.
What is a senate power that slows the bill process and speeds it up?
Hold and Filibuster & Cloture and conference agreement.
What are the three amendments that allow voting rights?
15, 19, 26
What are the types of primaries and what are they?
Closed-must follow political party. Semi closed-allows third party closed. Open-voting for who ever regardless of party.
What lead to cooperative federalism?
The new deal (revenue sharing, federal mandates, and grants).
How does selective incorporation implement the exclusionary rule?
Selective incorporation adds the right of privacy to the states.
What are some of the Congressional Leaders (5/8)
Speaker of the house, majority leader, minority leader, minority whip, majority whip, VP, president pro tempore, and conference chairs.
What are the two main themes of the letter from birmingham jail?
Civil disobedience and nonviolent direct action.
What polls sway voters with questions?
Push polls