An act of Congress that actually funds programs within limits established by authorization bills.
What is an appropriations bill
100
Advises Congress on the probable consequences of its decisions, forecasts revenues, and is a counterweight to the president's OMB
What is the CBO
100
Created both the most well-known elderly assistance program and a national assistance program for poor families, usually called Aid to Families with Dependent Children.
What is the Social Security Act
100
A policy document allocating burdens (taxes) and benefits (expenditures)
What is a budget
100
A tax by which the government takes a greater share of the income of the rich than the poor
What is a progressive tax
200
An act of Congress that establishes, continues, or changes a discretionary government program or an entitlement. It specifies program goals and maximum expenditures for discretionary programs.
What is an authorization bill
200
The House of Representatives committee that writes the tax codes, subject to the approval of Congress as a whole
What is the Ways and Means Committee
200
This law required employers to attest to their employees' immigration status, made it illegal to hire or recruit illegal immigrants knowingly, and legalized certain illegal immigrants
What is the Simpson-Mazzoli Act
200
Expenditures that are determined not by a fixed amount of money appropriated by Congress but by how many eligible beneficiaries there are for a program or by previous obligations of the government
What are uncontrollable expenditures
200
Revenue losses that result from special exemptions, exclusions, or deductions on federal tax law
What are tax expenditures
300
Binds Congress to a total expenditure level, supposedly the bottom line of all federal spending for all programs
What is a budget resolution
300
The Senate committee that writes the tax codes, subject to the approval of Congress as a whole
What is the Senate Finance Committee
300
The welfare reform law of 1996, which implemented the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program
What is the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
300
Policies that provide benefits, cash or in-kind, to individuals, based on their entitlement or means testing
What are social welfare policies
300
A tax by which the government takes the same share of income from everyone, rich and poor alike
What is a proportional tax
400
A government program guaranteeing access to some benefit by members of a specific group and based on established rights or by legislation
What is an entitlement
400
A division of the Executive Office of the President of the United States that administers the United States federal budget and oversees the performance of federal agencies
What is the OMB
400
An act designed to reform the congressional budgetary process. Its supporters hoped that it would also make Congress less dependent on the president's budget and better able to set and meet its own budgetary goals
What is the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
400
A program added to the Social Security system in 1965 that provides hospitalization insurance for the elderly and permits older Americans to purchase inexpensive coverage for doctor fees and other medical expenses
What is Medicare
400
The way the national income is divided into "shares" ranging from the poor to the rich.
What is income distribution
500
When Congress cannot reach agreement and pass appropriations bills, these resolutions allow agencies to spend at the level of the previous year.
What is a continuing resolution
500
After the joint budget resolution is passed these organizations that are a part of congress set aside money for specific purposes using the framework of the resolution.
What are appropriations (sub)committees
500
The constitutional amendment adopted in 1913 that explicitly permitted Congress to levy an income tax
What is the 16th Amendment?
500
Government programs providing benefits only to individuals who qualify based on specific needs
What are means tested programs
500
A refundable federal income tax credit for low- to moderate- income working individuals and families, even if the did not earn enough money to be required to file a tax return