Constitution and Liberties
Censorship case - Speech that address matters of public interest may not be censored
What is New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)
State law that allows for separate but equal public education facilities based on race violate Equal Protection Clause. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
What is Brown v Board of Education (1954)
Upholds provision regulating "soft money" In Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform act of 2002. Forbides people 17 or under from contributing to a federal campaign struck down as violation of 1st Anendment
What is McConnell v. FEC (2003)
A man handing out flyers against the war, telling men not to join military service thought he was protected by freedom of speech.
Shenck vs US
Student expression is protected as long as it does not cause "material disruption or substantial interference" or the burning of the flag in public is protected under the 1st amendment
What is Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
Amish beliefs state children don't need to attend school beyond the 8th grade
Yoder vs Wisconsin
Ruled the practice of allowing local election jurisdictions for counting ballots and determine voter intent is inconsistent with the Constitutions Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses.
What is Bush v. Gore (2000)
Congress created a national bank & a state on the East Coast decided to tax it to raise money for the budget
McCulloch vs Maryland
Developed "Exclusionary Rule", which states "Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used against a defendant in trial.
Mapp v Ohio (1961)
Court defines "libel and slander" as it pertains to officials and figures. Individuals must show false statements were made and publicised with malice or knowledge of falsity or " reckless disregard of their truth or falsity"
What is New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964)
Paved way for courts to adjudicate legislative apportionment, upheld "one man, one vote" standard for state legislative apportionment and also applied this standard to U.S. Congressional districts.
What is Baker v. Carr (1962)
Congress passes law in 1996 granting president to line item veto certain types of appropriations bills and tax provisions. The decision voided the law, claiming it violates "seperation of powers" concept
What is Clinton v. New York City (1998)
Requirement that an executive decision must lie before Congress for a specific period of time is unconstitutional
What is Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chada (1983)
Establishment Clause and school prayer - Public School policy the permits, endorses, or encourages prayer violates 1st amendment. Prayer is allowed if it is Student initiated, student-led, and voluntary
Engel v Vitale (1962)
This ruling held that corporations may spend unlimited amounts of money to exercise their free speech rights
Citizens United V FEC
This holding found the commerce clause did not apply to the student who sold a handgun near his high school.
US vs Lopez
Rules the president is not temporarily immune from civil law suits, based on actions before entering office, filed during a presidents term in office
What is Clinton v. Jones (1997)
First time the Bill of Rights is nationalised "Incorporation Doctrine"
What is Gitlow v. New York (1925)
Courts established a "penumbra" of rights, which are civil liberties closely attached to the Bill of Rights. One of these liberties being the right of consenting adults to use birth control is a privacy right
What is Griswold V Connecticut (1965)
Political parties are constitutionally allowed to create voting districts to help the party maintain power
Gerrymandering
This holding found that individuals arrested by police must be informed of their rights under the Constitution
Miranda vs Arizona
Campaign spending is a form of political expression by the 1st amendment. Constitution forbids congress from limiting individual campaign expenditures. Congress can, however, regulate contributions to candidates and parties
What is Buckley v. Valeo (1976)
Rulings dealing with rights of the accused, government interrogations, and the right to counsel
What is Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)