Unit 1
This ideal emphasizes that government authority comes from the people, and its power is limited by the people's consent.
What is popular sovereignty?
This role is the head of the Senate and casts a tie-breaking vote if needed.
What is the Vice President of the United States?
This presidential power allows the president to free individuals from punishment for federal crimes.
What is the power of pardon?
This article of the U.S. Constitution established the judicial branch and the Supreme Court.
What is Article III?
In Federalist No. 10, James Madison argued that this form of government would best control factions.
What is a large republic?
In this type of democracy, citizens directly participate in decision-making, often through voting on laws or policies.
What is direct democracy?
This type of committee in Congress is formed to reconcile differences in House and Senate versions of a bill.
What is a Conference Committee?
Issued by presidents, these directives have the force of law and are used to manage operations within the federal government.
What are executive orders?
This power allows the courts to review actions by the legislative and executive branches for constitutionality.
What is judicial review?
In Federalist No. 70, Alexander Hamilton argued for this kind of executive to ensure energy and decisive action.
What is a single executive?
This system of government divides power between a central authority and smaller political units, like states.
What is federalism?
Members of Congress who vote based on what they believe is in the best interest of their constituents act in this capacity. (Delegate Model)
What is acting as a trustee?
This term describes situations where presidents have used the media and public opinion to pressure Congress into action.
What is the bully pulpit?
This legal principle requires courts to follow precedents set in earlier cases
What is stare decisis?
In Federalist No. 78, Hamilton described this branch of government. (What does he describe it as?)
What is the judiciary? ("least dangerous")
This clause allows Congress to make laws necessary and proper to carrying out its enumerated powers.
What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?
This term describes the practice of securing government funds for local projects to benefit a legislator’s district, often to gain favor with constituents.
What is pork-barrel spending?
This annual address allows the president to outline legislative priorities and policy goals to Congress and the public.
What is the State of the Union Address?
This term describes judicial rulings suspected of being based on personal or political considerations rather than on existing law.
What is judicial activism?
Marbury v. Madison established this power.
What is judicial review?
This amendment reserves powers not explicitly given to the national government for the states or the people.
What is the Tenth Amendment?
The process of drawing district boundaries to benefit a specific political party is known by this term.
What is gerrymandering?
As a tool of executive power, this formal agreement with other nations does not require Senate approval.
What is an executive agreement?
This principle ensures that federal judges hold office as long as they maintain good behavior. (Name two reasons for support of this.)
What is life tenure?
1. Experience
2. Unbiased
Shaw v. Reno ruled that redistricting based primarily on this characteristic violated what clause.
What is race?And what is the equal protection clause?