Constitutional Foundations
This clause establishes that federal law takes precedence over state law.
What is the Supremacy Clause?
This case established the principle of judicial review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
This process allows members of Congress to influence spending in their districts.
What is Pork Barrel Spending?
This amendment protects freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
What is the First Amendment?
Independent agencies that implement and enforce public policy are collectively known as this.
What is the Bureaucracy?
The principle of dividing power between the national and state governments.
What is Federalism?
This case declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
This tactic allows senators to delay or block legislation.
What is a Filibuster?
Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures comes from this amendment.
What is the Fourth Amendment?
Organizations that seek to influence government policy on behalf of specific interests.
What are Interest Groups?
This principle prevents any one branch from accumulating too much power.
What are Checks and Balances?
This case protected student symbolic speech under the First Amendment.
What is Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District?
This committee reconciles differences between House and Senate versions of a bill.
What is a Conference Committee?
This amendment protects individuals from self-incrimination.
What is the Fifth Amendment?
These committees raise and spend money to help elect candidates.
What are PACs (Political Action Committees)?
The constitutional process required to formally change the Constitution.
What is the Amendment Process?
This case required law enforcement to inform suspects of their constitutional rights.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
The president uses this power to reject legislation passed by Congress.
What is a Veto?
This amendment guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial.
What is the Sixth Amendment?
This electoral advantage often benefits candidates who already hold office.
What is the Incumbency Advantage?
This clause gives Congress authority to pass laws needed to carry out enumerated powers.
What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?
This case upheld the right to legal counsel for criminal defendants who cannot afford an attorney.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
This occurs when Congress fails to approve federal spending legislation on time.
What is a Government Shutdown?
This amendment reserves powers not specifically delegated to the federal government for states or the people.
What is the Tenth Amendment?
This type of district drawing is used to favor one political party over another.
What is Gerrymandering?