Early American courts
The power of the Supreme Court to review actions done by the Legislature and President
Judicial Review
The confirmation process includes the ______ appointing a judge and the ______ confirming the judge
President; Senate
An opinion written signed by five or more justices on the court
Majority Opinion
The belief that a justice should further policy goals from the bench whether or not it breaks with precedent
Judicial Activism
This court decided Brown v. Board and other major Civil Rights cases. Many of the justices were appointed by FDR. The most liberal court in American history
Warren Court
The highest federal court in the land, established by Article III of the Constitution
Supreme Court
A legal decision that establishes a rule for similar cases in the future
precedent
The ability or authority of the court to hear a case in a certain area
jurisdiction
This type of judicial reasoning seeks to understand the plain meaning of the words in the text
textualism
This court was in power during much of the 1970's and 1980's. It was known as liberal and decided cases like Nixon v. U.S. Also decided Roe v. Wade
Burger Court
Early American Chief Judge who served from 1801-1835 and wrote opinions such as McCulloch v. Maryland and Marbury v. Madison
John Marshall
The principle of making decisions based on precedent. Latin for "let the decision stand"
Stare Decisis
Suspending Habeas Corpus
This type of legal reasoning looks into what benefits will come from a decision and also what harm may be created.
Prudential Interpretation
This court has been fairly conservative and has restricted abortion, increased gun rights, and expanded campaign financing.
Rehnquist/Roberts Court
This body has the power to create all "inferior courts" according to Article III of the Constitution
Congress
What are the three ways a Supreme Court judge can leave the bench?
die, retire, or be impeached
This plan by Roosevelt would have added a new justice to the court for every current justice over 70 years of age.
Judicial Reform Bill of 1937
This type of reasoning looks into the moral implications of a decision
Ethical Interpretation
This type of justice believes that the meaning of the Constitution can be broad and that it should function as a "living document:
Loose Constructionist
What two reasons does Hamilton list in Federalist 78 for the judicial branch being the weakest?
No power to wage war or collect taxes
When a request is made for the Supreme Court to hear a case, this legal motion is called a
Writ of Certiorari
Plessy v. Ferguson; Equal Protection Clause; 14th
This type of reasoning looks to the intent of the writing when it was written
Historical Interpretation
This type of justice believes the Constitution means what it says and should apply "per original intent"
Strict Constructionist