Federalism
What is local?
The Constitution replaced this system that had been in place since the American Revolution.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
The Constitution sets up this form of representative democracy.
What is a republic?
The House of Representatives and the Senate can conduct oversight of this branch by calling government officials to testify and questioning agents of the government.
What is the executive branch?
These are the two presidents (so far) who have been impeached. None have been removed.
Who are Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton?
The power to regulate intrastate commerce is reserved to this level of government.
Figures like George Mason, Patrick Henry, Robert Yates, and Melancton Smith formed this faction who argued against ratification of the Constitution.
Who are the Anti-Federalists?
This Federalist Paper states, "Men of factious tempers, of local prejudices, or of sinister designs, may, by intrigue, by corruption, or by other means, first obtain the suffrages, and then betray the interests, of the people."
The House of Representatives is the manifestation of proportional representation, but the Senate is the manifestation of this form of representation, argued often by smaller states.
If Congress passes a law, this branch has the ability to declare it unconstitutional, and this branch would have to worry about enforcing it in a way that is either in line with Congress' wishes or mitigates its impact (depending on what it wants to do).
What are the judicial and executive branches?
Name two parts of the Constitution that empower state government.
Many answers!
Tenth Amendment, Privileges and Immunities Clause, Full Faith and Credit Clause, Guarantee of Republican Government, Power to Set/Run Elections, Electoral College, etc.
What is the Confederation Congress?
The process of selective incorporation began with this case in 1924.
What is Gitlow v. NY?
This institution has the power to limit the effect of Supreme Court rulings by passing laws that curb the impact of the issue in the ruling.
What is Congress (the Senate and the House)?
What are the citizenship, due process, privileges and immunities, and equal protection clauses?
These TWO types of commerce are off-limits to the states for regulation.
What are international and interstate?
This is one of the four states that the Federalists were most concerned about when they began ratification conventions. Luckily, they all ratified...after significant persuasion from figures like James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, James Wilson, and John Adams.
What are Virginia, New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts?
In Federalist 10 (and, to an extent, Federalist 51), Madison laid out why his theory of representation, and the one in the Constitution, was so important. It limited, in Madison's view, this factional phenomenon that has plagued governments.
What is Majority Tyranny?
This event led to the creation of a system that had a powerful national government, because the founders realized the federal government would have to step in in times of crisis--especially in terms of the military. It still checked itself, though, to avoid wrecking itself.
What is Shays' Rebellion?
This, often called the "fourth branch" of government, has "rule-making" authority, which allows government agencies the power to set guidelines to provide specific details about how a policy will be implemented
What is the bureaucracy?
This Supreme Court Case initially said the states did not have to abide by the Bill of Rights...It would take some incorporation of new ideas to overturn it nearly 100 years later.
What is Barron v. Baltimore (1831)?
Before the federal convention in 1787, many of the founders met in this city to discuss reforms to the Article of Confederation in 1786. Seeing a more comprehensive solution was needed, they adjourned, and agreed to meet in Philadelphia the following year.
What is Annapolis?
While some parts of the Bill of Rights guarantee procedural rights like the right to an attorney, habeas corpus, and a jury, some have argued that they also protect this, the broader, more meaningful protections from biased or unjust rulings by a court or a jury.
What is procedural due process?
This Federalist Paper stated, "For why declare that things shall not be done which there is no power to do?"
What is Federalist 84?
Lots of possible answers.