Unit 1
The form of government where most citizens participate directly in making public policy [Ex: New England Town meeting).
Direct or Pure Democracy
The process by which children learn values, beliefs about political culture.
Political Socialization
These are issued by President that carry the force of law
Executive Orders
Those with this political ideology support a strong national government, broad social programs, emphasis on civil rights
Liberal
Federal law calling for gender equity (females and males have an equal chance to participate in and benefit from sports and other programs
Title IX
The type of government in which small groups of officials are elected to represent the people
Representative or Indirect Democracy
Linkage institutions connect citizens to their government. Name two.
Elections, Political Parties, Interest Groups, Media
This informal institution created by George Washington for advice has no direct constitutional basis
Cabinet
Division of the national government into 3 branches, each with its own powers.
Separation of Powers
SCOTUS upheld students to wear armbands protesting Vietnam as symbolic speech protected by the first amendment
Tinker v. Des Moines
In this writing, Madison argued for a strong national government with a separation of powers and checks and balances saying, “if men were angels, not government would be necessary.” Power must be divided b/t state and national gov't and between 3 branches.
Federalist 51
In this work, Madison argued that the remedy for the evils of factions and preserve liberty is a large republic
Federalist 10
This law passed in the 1970s was designed to ensure congressional involvement in sending troops into military action.
War Powers Resolution
The government in effect from 1781-1788 had weak central government with no chief executive or national courts, and a Congress that could not tax or maintain an army
Articles of Confederation
Case that limited speech if words present “clear & present danger.”
Schneck v. U.S.
This is the name of the compromise that called for bicameralism with representation in the upper house equal, and representation based on population in the lower house.
Great Compromise or Connecticut Plan
Name TWO constitutional amendments that deal w/ voting right
15th amend (1870) - black men rt to vote
17th amend (1913) - popular election of senators 19th amend (1920) - women’s suffrage
23rd Amend. – voting in DC
26th amend (1971) - voting age = 18
Drawing congressional district lines by the majority party to enhance its own political fortunes, or disadvantage certain voter demographic groups
Gerrymandering
In what recent decision did the Supreme Court rule that “corporations are people too” (Jon Stewart) with a 1st amendment right to contribute an unlimited amount money to political campaigns?
Citizens United v. FEC
Law that outlawed literacy tests, federal officials register new voters.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The constitutional amendment seen as the cornerstone of federalism and states rights, says that “powers not prohibited to the states are reserved to the states,” a.k.a. reserved powers
. 10th Amendment
What Supreme Court decision in 1976 ruled that candidates could spend an unlimited amount of their own families money on their presidential campaign because it is protected free speech.
Buckley v. Valeo
The Supreme Court set aside "political question" doctrine and ruled that it can decide a voting rights question; first important voting rights case.
Baker v. Carr
The relationship between persons in executive branch (bureaucracy), congressional committees, and special interest groups who are all involved in one area of policy making
Iron Triangle
Ruled the 1st Amendment protects even false statements about public figures unless they can prove statements were made with malice and disregard for the truth.
New York Times v. Sullivan