court cases
The courts ruled that the states cannot tax the federal government
McCulloch v. Maryland
What case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review
Marbury v. Madison
question before the court was if it was okay to have schools based on race, that were not equal
Brown V. Board of Education
Article V
Amendment-Both the states and Congress have the power to initiate the amendment process.
an order by the supreme court directing a lower court to send up the record in a given case for its review
Writ of Certerari
The Court ruled that wearing black armbands in protest of the Vietnam War was symbolic speech, protected by the First Amendment.
Tinker V. Des Moines Independent Community School District
case involved New York trying to grant a monopoly on waterborne trade between New York and New Jersey.
Gibbons v. Ogden
What decided the Supreme Court had jurisdiction over questions of legislative apportionment?
Baker v. Carr
Article IV
The States-This article defines the relationship between the states and the federal government. It also suggests that all the states are equal to each other and should respect each other’s laws and the judicial decisions made by other state court systems.
philosophy that the supreme court should use precedent and the framers' original intent to decide cases
Judicial Restraint
he question before the court was if women got the right to choose abortion
Roe v Wade
What case confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States
McCulloch v. Maryland
Court held Congress had overstepped its power under the Commerce Clause.
U.S. v. Lopez
Article VII
Ratification-This article details all those people who signed the Constitution, representing the original 13 states.
wall of separation, divided church and government
establishment clause
What decided the Supreme Court had jurisdiction over questions of legislative apportionment?
Baker v. Carr
a landmark case in the area of redistricting and racial gerrymandering.
Shaw v. Reno
Decision of the Supreme Court of the United States that determined whether the Second Amendment applies to the individual states
McDonald v. Chicago
Article VI
Federal powers- The Constitution and federal laws are higher than state and local laws. All laws must agree with the US Constitution
a latin phrase meaning "let the decision stand." the vast majority of supreme court decisions are based on precedents established in earlier cases.
Stare Decisis
Court case in which the Court held that the First Amendment prohibited the government from restricting independent political expenditures
Citizens United v. FEC
The Court found that prayer could not be mandated by public schools as it violated establishment clause of 1st Amendment
Engel v. Vitale
question before the court was about Sovereignty immunity
Gideon v. Wainwright
Article II
The Executive Branch-the President, Vice-President, Cabinet, and Departments under the Cabinet Secretaries carry out the laws made by Congress
philosophy that the supreme court must correct injustices when other branches of government or the states refuse to do so
Judicial Activism