Foundational Documents
Provides Justification for the break from Great Britain. Includes natural rights and a foundation for popular sovereignty
What is the Declaration of Independence?
Established Judicial review
Marbury v Madison
Created a unicameral legislature. Lacked military and taxing powers.
What is the Articles of Confederation?
This landmark case protected the right to symbolic speech by allowing students to wear an armband at school to protest the Vietnam war
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
The process by which a person forms his or her political views.
What is political socialization?
Argues that all people should be equal under the law, as embodied in the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. The steps of civil disobedience and nonviolent campaigns (1) collection of the facts to determine injustices (2) negotiation (3) self-purification (4) direct action.
Letter from Birmingham Jail
Teacher led prayer in public schools violates the establishment clause
What is Engel v Vitale?
This U.S. Constitutional Amendment outlawed slavery.
What is the 13th amendment?
This rule says that illegally gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial. Also state amendment it falls under
What is the exclusionary rule?
4th amendment
A belief that you play a role in politics and the government is responsive to the participants.
What is political efficacy?
Written by the Anti-federalists to oppose ratification of the Constitution and maintain a state centered government.
To argue against a strong central government. The country would be too large for one central government and the government would have too much power.
Brutus 1
In the case of Wisconsin v Yoder where Amish students wanted to leave school to help with farm and domestic work, the court ruled that they are allowed to be removed from public school for religious reasons using which clause and amendment?
1st amendment- Free Exercise Clause
This uprising of Revolutionary War veterans brought attention to several weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation.
What is Shays's Rebellion?
This landmark case's majority opinion created the "clear and present danger test" to analyze future free speech cases.
What is Schenck v. United States (1919)?
The difference between the results of random poll samples at the same time.
What is a sampling error?
To make an argument in favor of separation of powers and checks and balances in government. These two principles will control abuses by the majority. Also, each branch should stand independent from the other in order to function to its full extent.
Federalist 51
Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress's authority to regulate interstate commerce. The first case to begin reigning in Congress's authority under the Commerce Clause.
US v Lopez
The Constitution is silent regarding the ability of the national government to establish a draft. However this power is linked to the Article I, section 8 power for congress to "raise an army". This makes the draft what kind of power?
What is an implied power?
This important piece of 1960s legislation created equal employment opportunities, regardless of race, equal access to public accommodations regardless of race, religion, or national origin and the withholding federal grants-in-aid from state programs that discriminated on the basis of race?
What is the 1964 Civil Rights Act
What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 do?
Legislation designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage.
Argues in favor of an independent judicial branch. Claims that it is the least dangerous branch and believes that life terms are needed so that judges do not feel pressured by public opinion and reelection.
Federalist #78
This case used the Implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause: Creation of the national bank was implied based upon the enumerated power of Congress to tax and spend.
State of Maryland could not tax federal bank due to Supremacy Clause, because the power to tax is the power to destroy.
McCulloch v Maryland
This political philosopher was most known among the Founding Fathers for promoting the separation of powers.
Who is Montesquieu?
Landmark case- State courts are required under the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants unable to afford their own attorneys.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Describes consistently voting for candidates of the same political party at all levels of government.
Partyline voting