Foundational Documents & Principles
This Anti-Federalist argued that a centralized government posed a major threat to individual rights.
Who is Brutus?
This clause establishes that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land.
What is the supremacy clause?
This Supreme Court case established the principle of implied powers and national supremacy.
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
All revenue bills must originate in this chamber of Congress.
What is the House of Representatives?
This First Amendment clause prevents the government from establishing a national religion.
What is the establishment clause?
According to this Federalist Paper, a large republic helps control factions.
What is Federalist 10?
This compromise determined how enslaved people would be counted for representation.
What is the Three-Fifths Compromise?
This case ruled that students have the right to symbolic speech in schools.
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
In this model of representation, legislators act based on constituents’ wishes.
What is the delegate model?
This process ensures that the Bill of Rights applies to the states.
What is selective incorporation?
The principle of democracy reflected in 'consent of the governed' from the Declaration of Independence.
What is popular sovereignty?
These grants give states more freedom in spending federal money.
What are block grants?
This case ruled that Congress exceeded its power under the commerce clause.
What is United States v. Lopez?
This term refers to the president using public appeals to set the agenda.
What is the bully pulpit?
This rule prevents illegally obtained evidence from being used in court.
What is the exclusionary rule?
This Enlightenment philosopher’s ideas heavily influenced the Declaration of Independence.
Who is John Locke?
This aspect of the Constitution most concerned the Anti-Federalists.
What is the supremacy of the federal government?
This ruling guaranteed the right to an attorney for those who cannot afford one.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
Congress can oversee the bureaucracy using this process.
What is holding committee hearings?
This case established that suspects must be informed of their rights before questioning.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
These three models of democracy explain different ways in which citizens influence government.
What are participatory, pluralist, and elite democracy?
Unlike the Articles of Confederation, the U.S. Constitution allows amendments with this process.
What is approval by two-thirds of Congress and three-fourths of states?
This case incorporated the Second Amendment to the states.
What is McDonald v. Chicago?
500: These directives issued by the president have the force of law without requiring congressional approval.
What are executive orders?
This Supreme Court case overturned the doctrine of 'separate but equal.'
What is Brown v. Board of Education?