Civil Liberties
SCOTUS case holding that criminal abortion laws violate the Due Process Clause of the 14th amendment, which protects the implied right to privacy secured by a combination of amendments 1, 3, 4, 5, and 9.
Roe v. Wade
In this SCOTUS case, race-based school segregation violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
Protection against cruel and unusual punishment is found in this amendment.
8th
This case held that political spending by corporations, associations, and labor unions is a form of protected speech under the 1st Amendment
Citizens United v. FEC
Giving power back to the states
Essay that argues liberty is safest in a large republic due to the existence of many factions
Federalist 10
Established a "heavy presumption against prior restraint" even in cases involving national security.
NY Times v. US
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures is found in this amendment.
4th
This several-days-long affair in which the presidential candidate is officially nominated by their party.
Convention
Type of federalism where national and state powers are divided and separate
dual (layer cake) federalism
Argues that separation of powers within the national government is the best way to prevent concentration of power in the hands of one person or single group.
Federalist 51
School-led prayer violates the Establishment Clause of the 1st Amendment.
Engel v. Vitale
The term for colleges using race or gender in determining if they are going to accept a student or not
Affirmative Action
Explanation of why a prisoner is being charged and why they're not being released.
Writ of habeas corpus
In this type of primary, only voters registered with a particular party are allowed to vote.
Closed primary
Type of federalism where the division of powers is not clear and responsibilities overlap between national and state governments
Cooperative (marble cake) federalism
The federal judiciary must be politically independent and depend on the other two branches to uphold its decisions.
Federalist 78
Compelling Amish students to attend school past 8th grade violates the Free Exercise clause of the 1st Amendment
Wisconsin v. Yoder
Racial segregation NOT done by law, and racial segregation that IS done by law
De Facto Segregation, De Jure Segregation
This amendment protects you from self-incrimination
5th
These are the "voting" amendments.
15 (all male citizens)
19 (women's suffrage)
24 (poll tax unconstitutional)
26 (18 year old vote)
Type of federalism where the national government uses money to force states to comply with federal law
fiscal federalism
Supports the idea of the presidency as a branch united in one individual who can execute the law quickly while remaining constrained by their sole responsibility for action to the people through elections.
Federalist 70
The 6th amendment right to counsel in criminal federal trials also applies to trials at the state level. Incorporation of 6th amendment through 14th amendment Due Process Clause.
Gideon v. Wainwright
Levels of scutiny developed by SCOTUS to determine equality classifications under the Equal Protection Clause.
Rational Basis, Heightened Scrutiny (gender), and Strict Scrutiny (race)
From the 5th and 6th amendments, these rights are named after a landmark SCOTUS case and must be told to you when you are put under arrest. They include the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney.
Miranda rights
The moving of primaries by states to an earlier date in the calendar year to have more importance than later primaries.
Frontloading
Least and most restrictive grants.
Block, categorical