required cases
what is wisconsin v. yoder? include main topic.
topic: gov power vs individual power, religion
schools cannot compose prayer, even if the prayer is nondenominational. violates establishment clause.
what positions don't require senate confirmation?
white house staff, chief of staff, press secretary, & policy advisors
what does people's self interest lead to, according to madison?
factions
antifederalists were concerned that the constitution
did not specifically list protected civil liberties.
what do the 5th and 6th amendments consist of?
miranda rights
what is tinker v. des moines? include main topic.
topic: gov power vs individual power, speech
students have free speech rights in public schools, as long as speech isn't disruptive or obscene. students wore black armbands to protest vietnam war.
what are the principles of the declaration of independence?
natural rights: fundamental rights, born with
popular sovereignty: people are the source of governmental power
social contract: people create government to protect rights of the people
what is the 10th amendment?
powers not delegated to constitution, nor withheld from the states, are reserved to the states.
what are the president's formal powers?
veto, pocket veto, treates & commander in chief.
libel, slander, obscenity, "imminent illegal action," and "likely to produce such result"
what is gideon v. wainwright? include main topic.
topic: selective incorporation, counsel (6th amendment)
defendants in a criminal case are guaranteed the right to counsel. gideon, an inmate, did not have counsel at his trial because he failed to afford one.
what are the two principles of the constitution?
limited government: the power of the government is limited
republicanism: representative form of government, people choose those reps
libertarians are big supporters of
economic individualism
the goal of equality in american politics includes
political equality, equality before the law, & equality of opportunities.
define selective incorporation & list cases tied to it.
states become restricted by guarantees of freedom found in bill of rights.
gideon v. wainwright, mcdonald v. chicago
what is new york times v. us? include main topic.
topic: gov power vs individual power, press
government may not prevent the publication of news, unless for national security reasons. new york times publishing pentagon papers, banned prior restraint.
what could the articles of confederation (congress) do?
declare war, make treaties, raise an army, coin & borrow money.
what are the two broad purposes of government?
provide order and promote general welfare.
what are the president's informal powers?
executive orders, executive agreements, bargaining & persuasion, and signing statements.
what did the 13th amendment do?
abolish slavery
what is mcculloch v. maryland? include main topic.
topic: federalism, necessary & proper clause
states cannot tax federal government institutions due to constitutional authority.
what couldn't the articles of confederation do?
tax, regulate interstate commerce (without going to the states).
who appoints federal judges?
the president
what are all seven articles in the constitution about?
1: congress or legislative powers
2: president or executive powers
3: SCOTUS or judicial powers
4: relations between states
5: amending the constitution
6: supremacy of the constitution
7: ratification of constitution
whats the lemon test?
a test to determine whether something violates the 1st amendment.