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Recognition of the increased power of the new national government led what group to stress the need for a bill of rights?
El reconocimiento del mayor poder del nuevo gobierno nacional llevó a qué grupo a destacar la necesidad de una carta de derechos.
Anti-Federalist/ Anti-federalistas
1st amendment:
“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion" is known as?
"El Congreso no aprobará ninguna ley que establezca una religión oficial" es conocido como?
Establishment Clause
Clausula de establecimiento
What does the 2nd amendment establish?
What is the foundational supreme court case that applied the 2nd amendment to states?
2nd Amendment protects individuals from government infringement on their right to own and carry firearms (guns).
McDonald v. Chicago (2010) — The Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms applies to the states through the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment.
14th amendment: What clause is this? What does it establish?
"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside."
Citizenship clause
Establishes birthright citizenship to any individual born on U.S. territory
The framers intended for the Bill of rights to only be applicable to the _________ government and not states or local governments!
Federal
1st amendment:
"or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" is known as?
"o prohibir su libre ejercicio" es conocido como?
Free Exercise Clause
Cláusula de libre ejercicio
What does the 4th amendment protect you from?
¿De qué te protege la cuarta enmienda?
4th Amendment protects people from unreasonable searches by both the national and state governments.
La Cuarta Enmienda protege a las personas contra registros injustificados por parte de los gobiernos federal y estatales.
14th amendment: What clause is this? What does it establish?
"nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;"
Due Process Clause
Ensures States/federal government from prohibiting certain civil rights without due process of law.
What is selective incorporation?
¿Qué es la incorporación selectiva?
The Supreme Court uses the 14th amendment to make most of the Bill of Rights (1-10) apply to the States and not just the Federal Government.
La Suprema Corte utiliza la 14.ª enmienda para que la mayor parte de la Carta de Derechos (1-10) se aplique a los estados y no solo al Gobierno federal.
What did ENGEL V. VITALE (1962) establish? And it relates to what part of the first amendment?
¿Qué estableció ENGEL V. VITALE (1962)? ¿Y con qué parte de la primera enmienda se relaciona?
Court ruled that the recitation of a brief school prayer in public schools drafted by the local school board was unconstitutional!
- Establishment Clause!
¡El tribunal dictaminó que la recitación de una breve oración escolar en las escuelas públicas redactada por la junta escolar local era inconstitucional!
- ¡Cláusula de establecimiento!
What does the 5th amendment establish? (3 things!)
Double Jeopardy (No person can be charged for the same crime twice)
Self-Incrimination (can’t be forced to testify against yourself in court, “plead the fifth”)
Due Process (Miranda rights)
14th amendment: What clause is this? What does it establish?
"nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."
Equal protections clause
Requires states to treat individuals equally under the law! Regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, etc.
Constitutional basis for civil rights protections!
Civil rights protections: racial equality, school desegregation, gender equality, LGBQT+ rights
Is flag burning a form of protected symbolic speech? What is the case that is related?
¿Es la quema de banderas una forma de expresión simbólica protegida? ¿Cuál es el caso relacionado?
The Supreme Court has extended the reach of the 1st Amendment to Symbolic speech: means of expression through symbols or signs.
Texas v. Johnson (1989): Flag burning is a form of protected speech
La Suprema Corte ha ampliado el alcance de la Primera Enmienda al discurso simbólico: medios de expresión a través de símbolos o signos.
Texas contra Johnson (1989): quemar la bandera es una forma de expresión protegida.
The 6th amendment is a fundamental amendment that guarantees this essential civil liberty for the accused. What does it allow you to have?
What is the case that is related to this?
La sexta enmienda es una enmienda fundamental que garantiza esta libertad civil esencial para el acusado. ¿Qué le permite tener?
Right to counsel (an attorney, lawyer)
Gideon vs. Wainwright (1963)
Derecho a un abogado (un procurador, un abogado)
Gideon contra Wainwright (1963)
What does the 8th amendment establish?
What has the supreme court interpreted about the death penalty?
No Excessive bail
No Cruel or unusual punishment (Death penalty?)
Protects citizens from cruel or excessive government actions — a key principle of civil liberties.