Amendments
Limits President to 2 terms
22nd Amendment
Abolished slavery. First of three "Reconstruction Amendments" passed after Civil War (1865-70)
13th Amendment
The first ten amendments to the Constitution
Bill of Rights
What document says - There are two methods of curing the mischiefs of faction: the one, by removing its causes; the other, by controlling its effects.
There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: the one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests.
Fed 10
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
What Enlightenment ideal from John Locke is referenced in the Declaration of Independence?
Natural Rights
Powers not expressly given to federal government by the Constitution are reserved to states or the people. Also known as "reserved powers amendment" or "states' rights amendment"
10th Amendment
US v. Lopez decided that Congress had overstepped its power. Congress claimed that they were able to regulate gun laws because of the ______ clause of the Constitution.
To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;
Each slave counts as 60% of a person for taxation and representation purposes.
3/5 Compromise
What document says - But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. The provision for defense must in this, as in all other cases, be made commensurate to the danger of attack. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition.
Fed 51
That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the __________
Dec of Independence
Consent of the Governed
States cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race. Third of three "Reconstruction Amendments" passed after Civil War. First Voting Rights Amendment (with 19, 24 & 26)
15th Amendment
The two clauses of the First Amendment that deal with religion are...
Establishment
Free excercise
A legislative body with two houses is known as...
bicameral
What are two failures of the Articles of Confederation?
No executive, no courts, no power to tax, Shays Rebellion, no national currency, one vote per state,
The idea that a citizen gives up certain freedoms to the government, and in exchange the government agrees to protect the citizens' rights.
Social contract
States cannot deny the right to vote based on gender
19th Amendment
Founders rationale for creating the Electoral College
Barrier between voters and the presidential election, educated electors will actually cast the vote, elitist democracy - yay Hamilton!
The relationship between the federal government and state governments
Federalism
This disposition, which is implanted in human nature, will operate in the federal legislature to lessen and ultimately to subvert the state authority,
that a free republic cannot succeed over a country of such immense extent, containing such a number of inhabitants,
Brutus I
Difference between a direct democracy and a republic
Direct democracy - citizens get individual votes, participate directly
Republic - vote for representatives
guarantees a speedy trial, an impartial jury, that the accused can confront witnesses against them, and that the accused must be allowed to have a lawyer.
6th Amendment
Explain the Great Compromise
bicameral
Senate - 2 per state
House - based on population
In what case did the court established its role as the arbiter of the constitutionality of federal laws, the principle is known as judicial review.
Marbury V. Madison
"To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof."
What part of the government is given power because of the above clause?
Congress
Explain pluralist democracy principles in American government...
Pluralist - no single group dominates government, multiple groups are vying for power and influence, interest groups and political parties