The Great Compromises
This proposal called for a bicameral legislature where representation in both houses was based on a state's population.
What is the Virginia Plan
These are powers specifically listed in the Constitution for the National government, such as coining money.
What are delegated or enumerated powers?
In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Court ruled that Congress had the power to create this type of institution.
What is a national bank?
This principle, found in the Declaration of Independence, asserts that citizens possess "unalienable, God-given rights"
What are natural rights?
Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government consisted of only this one branch, with no executive or judicial branches.
what is the legislative branch?
This agreement created a bicameral legislature with a population-based House and an equal-representation Senate.
What is the Great Compromise OR What is the Connecticut Compromise?
According to the 10th Amendment, powers not given to the federal government belong to these entities.
What are the states?
This Constitutional clause was the "engine" behind the McCulloch decision, allowing Congress to do what is "convenient" to carry out its duties.
What is the "necessary and proper" clause?
This concept, heavily influenced by John Locke, argues that a legitimate government is one created by an agreement between the ruler and the ruled.
What is the social contract?
This 1786 uprising of Massachusetts farmers served as the "firebell in the night," proving that the national government was too weak to maintain order.
What is Shay's Rebellion?
This compromise dealt with how enslaved people would be counted for both representation and taxation purposes.
What is the 3/5 compromise?
This type of grant gives states broad shells of money with "no strings attached" for general purposes like "education."
What is a block grant?
n US v. Lopez, the Court ruled that Congress overstepped its power by using this clause to ban guns in school zones.
What is the commerce clause?
Thomas Jefferson’s famous phrase "deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed" is a perfect definition of this democratic ideal.
What is popular sovereignty?
Because the national government lacked this specific power, they had to "beg" the states for money to pay off Revolutionary War debts.
What is the power to tax?
To protect Southern agrarian interests, the Framers agreed that Congress could not ban the importation of enslaved people until this year.
What is 1808?
This federal requirement (like the Americans with Disabilities Act) forces states to comply with federal rules, often without providing funding.
What is an unfunded mandate?
The Lopez decision was a victory for this movement, which seeks to return power from the federal government to the states.
What is devolution?
This foundational principle suggests that a government should have restricted power, usually defined by a written constitution or rule of law.
What is limited government?
To make any change or amendment to the Articles of Confederation, this many of the 13 states had to agree.
What are all 13?
Anti-Federalists refused to support the Constitution unless this was promised to protect individual liberties from the central government.
What is the Bill of Rights?
This "clause" in Article VI establishes that when federal and state laws conflict, the federal law takes precedence.
McCulloch confirmed that states do not have the power to do this to a federal institution.
What is tax?
According to the social contract theory, if a government consistently violates the natural rights of its people, the people have this specific right.
What is the right to revolt?
This major economic problem arose because both the national government and individual states were allowed to print their own versions of this.
What is money?