Philosophical Foundations
Wrote Leviathan, advocating a social contract for stability.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
This phrase in the Constitution shows popular sovereignty.
What is “We the People”?
Direct citizen participation = this model.
What is participatory democracy?
his group supported ratifying the Constitution.
Who were the Federalists?
Article VI contains this clause.
What is the Supremacy Clause?
This rebellion exposed weaknesses of the Articles.
What is Shays’ Rebellion?
Believed government’s duty was to protect natural rights.
Who is John Locke?
Which document formally declared independence from Britain
What is the Declaration of Independence?
Interest group competition defines this model.
What is pluralist democracy?
This group opposed ratification without a Bill of Rights.
Who were the Anti-Federalists?
Article V outlines this process.
What is the amendment process?
The Articles lacked this branch to enforce laws.
What is the executive branch?
Proposed separation of powers into three branches.
Who is Montesquieu?
Which document set up America’s government after independence?
What are the Articles of Confederation?
A small, wealthy elite rules under this model.
What is elite democracy?
Wrote Federalist No. 10.
Who is James Madison?
This case established judicial review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
The Articles required this for amendments.
What is unanimous consent of states?
Introduced the idea of popular sovereignty in The Social Contract.
Who is Rousseau?
Which compromise created a bicameral legislature?
What is the Great Compromise?
Which model is reflected in state referendums
What is participatory democracy?
Who wrote Brutus No. 1?
Who is Robert Yates (Brutus)?
Each branch restrains others through this system.
What are checks and balances?
Which compromise counted enslaved people partially for representation?
What is the Three-Fifths Compromise?
Locke’s natural rights were life, liberty, and __
What is property?
Which document includes checks and balances and federalism?
What is the U.S. Constitution?
The Electoral College is an example of this model.
What is elite democracy?
Federalists argued a strong national government prevented what?
What is disorder/factionalism?
Madison’s phrase “ambition counteracts ambition” supports what?
What are separation of powers/checks and balances?
Which compromise created the Electoral College?
What is a compromise between Congress and direct vote?
What should citizens do if government fails to protect rights?
What is rebel/overthrow it?
Which Federalist Paper argued a large republic best controls factions?
What is Federalist No. 10?
Modern lobbying best illustrates this model.
What is pluralist democracy?
Anti-Federalists feared this would be lost under a large republic.
What is individual liberty/connection to the people?
The Senate confirms presidential appointments. This is an example of what?
What is a legislative check on the executive?
Name one weakness of the Articles regarding commerce or taxation.
What is no power to regulate commerce or tax directly?
Match philosopher to principle: Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau.
What is Hobbes–order; Locke–natural rights/consent; Montesquieu–separation; Rousseau–popular sovereignty?
Which Anti-Federalist essay warned of elite domination?
What is Brutus No. 1?
Today’s U.S. uses all three. Give an example of each.
What are initiatives (participatory), lobbying (pluralist), SCOTUS decisions (elite)?
What did Federalists promise to secure ratification?
What is a Bill of Rights?
Give two examples of checks each branch has.
What are veto/override, confirmations, judicial review, impeachment, etc.?
Why was adding a Bill of Rights crucial to ratification?
What is Anti-Federalists demanded protections for liberty?
Which philosopher most influenced Jefferson in the Declaration?
Who is John Locke?
Connect each document to principle: Declaration, Constitution, Bill of Rights.
What is natural rights/popular sovereignty; structure/limited gov; liberty protections
Which model did Madison favor in Federalist 10 and why?
What is pluralist democracy, to control factions in a large republic?
Compare Federalist and Anti-Federalist views of tyranny.
What is Federalists feared majority tyranny; Anti-Feds feared elite tyranny?
Why is separation of powers essential to limited government?
What is it prevents concentration of power and protects liberty?
Explain how compromises balanced large/small states and slavery.
What are Great Compromise (representation), Three-Fifths Compromise (slavery), Electoral College (executive selection)?