Articles/Federalist vs Antifederalists
This group strongly supported the ratification of the constitution
Federalists
The compromise that settled the dispute over how enslaved persons would be counted for representation.
The three-fifths compromise
Reserved powers are established in this part of the constitution
10th Amendment
This constitutional clause was at the center of US v. Lopez (1994)
Commerce clause
This was put into the constitution to satisfy anti-federalists
Bill of Rights
The powers of the Executive Branch can be found in this article of the constitution.
Article II
Powers that are specifically listed in Article I, Section 8, for the national government.
Enumerated powers (delegated)
The Enlightenment philosopher whose concept of natural rights (life, liberty, and property) heavily influenced the Declaration of Independence.
John Locke
This event best exemplified the weakness of the AOC
Shay's Rebellion
The compromise that established the bicameral legislature with both population based and equal representation.
Great Compromise
Powers that are shared by both the federal and state governments, such as the power to tax.
Concurrent powers
Article I, Section 8, Clause 18, which grants Congress powers beyond those explicitly listed.
Necessary and Proper clause (elastic clause)
Brutus 1
The amount of votes needed to ratify a new amendment (both in congress and with the states)
2/3 of Congress, 3/4 of states
The type of federalism that has allowed the federal government to exert power in things typically reserved for the states.
Fiscal Federalism
The electoral college represents this form of democracy
Elite Democracy
This was the main idea represented in federalist 51
Separation of powers/Checks and balances
This part of the constitution establishes it as the "Supreme Law of the Land"
Supremacy Clause
The model of federalism, often compared to a "layer cake," where state and national governments have distinct and separate powers.
Dual Federalism
A type of democracy where citizen participation is channeled through organized, competing groups that influence policy.
Pluralist Democracy