Constitutional Principles
What principle divides power between the national and state governments?
Federalism
Which document broke away from Britain and justified independence?
Declaration of Independence
Powers specifically listed in the Constitution for the federal government are called what?
Enumerated Powers
Marbury v. Madison established what principle?
Judicial Review
The Great Compromise created what type of legislature?
Bicameral Legislature (House & Senate)
Which principle ensures each branch of government can limit the others?
Checks and Balances
What document was America’s first constitution, later replaced for being too weak?
Articles of Confederation
The “necessary and proper” clause expands what type of powers?
Implied Powers
Which case established Congress’ power to regulate interstate commerce broadly?
Gibbons v. Ogden
What compromise counted enslaved people as part of the population?
3/5's Compromise
What principle prevents one branch of government from becoming too powerful by dividing responsibilities among three branches?
Separation of Powers
Who wrote Federalist No. 10, arguing that a large republic controls factions?
James Madison
What clause makes federal law supreme over state law?
Supremacy Clause
Which case ruled that Congress could establish a national bank under implied powers?
McCulloch v. Maryland
What compromise allowed Congress to tax imports but not exports?
Commerce Compromise
What concept means government derives its power from the people?
Popular Sovereignty
Which Anti-Federalist paper warned about dangers of a strong central government?
Brutus No. 1
What type of federalism is sometimes called “layer cake federalism”?
Dual Federalism
What type of government did the Anti-Federalists argue for?
Strong State Governments and Weak Central Government
Under the Electoral College compromise, how are presidents chosen?
They are chosen by electors selected by the states
What principle allows the courts to strike down unconstitutional laws?
Judicial Review
What Enlightenment thinker inspired Jefferson with “life, liberty, and property”?
John Locke
Federal funds given to states for broad purposes are called what?
Block Grants
In U.S. v. Lopez (1995), the Court ruled Congress had exceeded what power?
The Commerce Clause
The compromise on representation combined what two original plans?
The Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan