Constitutional Distribution of Authority
A system of government that creates 2 autonomous levels(national & state) which both possess authority granted by the national constitution.
What is Federalism?
Final decision on case
What is unanimous in favor of the federal government?
What is a Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favor o Lopez?
Federal funds given to state/local governments to fund specific projects or programs.
Judicial review on how courts distinguish federal, state, and local laws as constitutional or unconstitutional.
What is Supreme Court Review?
Political powers shared by both national and state governments, for example, taxing, borrowing money, making and enforcing laws, and establishing court systems.
What is Concurrent Powers?
The reasoning of the decison
What is the Supremacy Clause and Implied Powers?
Constitutional Principle
What are Federalism, Commerce Clause, and 10th Amendment?
A legal order to the states with no, partial, or full funding. This usually burdens states and affects state budgets.
What are Federal Mandates?
Federal law classifies marijuana a an illegal drug, but many states choose to legalize it.
What is the Marijuana Policy?
Early US through roughly the New Deal where federal and state governments have separate jobs. Federal government having enumerated powers and states having reserved powers (think layered cake).
What is Dual Federalism?
Constitutional Principles to back up SCOTUS ruling
What is the Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I)?
SCOTUS Ruling
What is "Federal GFSZA of 1990 is unconstitutional because Congress overstepped its Legislative boundaries"?
Federal government gives each state a fixed amount of money for a broad purpose. This gives states more flexibility in how they design and run the program with few strings attached.
What are Block Grants?
Federal government provides funding and sets standards, but local school boards run daily operations/curricula.
What is the Education Policy?
States have unique political cultures, demographics, voter values, and economic needs.
What is State Policy Differences?
Constitutional Question
What is "Does Congress have power to create a bank?" and "Can a state tax a federal institution?"?
Constitutional Question
What is "Did Congress exceed its constitutional authority under the Commerce Clause when it passed a law regulating guns in local school zones?"?
Federal grants distributed to states for specific purposes with strict conditions/strings attached. Ex: Project grants and Formula grants
What are Categorical Grants?
Federal government provides financial assistance to individuals and families of economic needs.
What is the Public Social Welfare Assistance?
States test out novel policies on a small scale before they go nationwide.
What are Experimental Laboratories?
Expansion of National Government Power
What is strengthened implied powers given to the national government?
Limits on National Government Power
What is a boundary was placed on Congress's Commerce Clause power for the first time in 60 years?
Federal government balances budgets and provides services that states cannot afford.
What is State Dependence on Federal Funding?
Variation across state jurisdictions on whether capital punishment is legal and other aspects involved with dealing with serious crimes.
What is the Death-Penalty Policy by State?