AP GOV UNIT ONE

Grants, Incentives, and Aids

100

payments in the nature of assistance, donations, or contributions made by one government to another government, body, institution or individual.

Grant in aid

200

he distribution of a portion of federal tax revenues to state and local governments

Federal Revenue Sharing

300

a requirement or an order from the central government that all state and local governments must comply with.

Mandates

400

a grant from the federal government to local/state government with far stricter regulations as to what the money can be used for.

Categorical Grants

500

federal funds earmark for specific state or local programs

Block Grants

federal funds earmarkfor specific state or local programs

Balance of Power between National and State Governments

100

The powers delegated to the US by the USC, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states, respectively, or to the people

10th Amendment

200

Grant citizenship to all persons born in the US, including former slaves

guarantee all citizens “equal protection of the law

14th Amendment

300

gives Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign or interstate nations, and among the serval states, and with the Indian tribes

Commerce Clause

400

gived congress power to make “all Laws which shall be necessary and prosper for carrying into Execution” other federal powers.

Necessary and Proper Clause

National and State Power Balance of Power (court cases)

100

Congress put a national bank ins Maryland and Maryland wanted to tax that bank. They couldn’t however, because of the N and P clause, establishing that its necessary and proper to creat a national bank in Maryland. 

McCulloch v. Maryland 

200

Lopez, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on April 26, 1995, ruled (5–4) that the federal Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 was unconstitutional because the U.S. Congress, in enacting the legislation, had exceeded its authority under the commerce clause of the Constitution

United States v. Lopez 

Policy-Making: Distribution of power in the branches

100

This is the only branch that makes new or changes existing policy, and congress, the people of this branch, are the closest to citizens compared to the President. Therefore, they have a bigger impact on policy in that they conisder society and their constituents more.

Interset groups also play a role in influencing this branch to influence policy.

Legislative

200

Policy could be made differently based on how the executive branch choses to carry it out. This includes the burecrats all the way to the Presdient. Treaties made by someone in this branch could also impact policy.

Executive

300

Through court review and set precedents, the judicial branch has a big impact on policy, making sure that it is constitutional.

Judicial

Policy-Making: Distribution of power (state power or naional power???)

100

Fiscal money, federalism, and the role of the president increasing impact policy making.

national power

200

States getting more power back,, typical stakeholders being investors,  employees, suplliers, communites, government or trade associations also contribute to the creation of policy.

state power