privatization
Weak Mayor Council Plan
Few budgetary, veto, or appointment powers. Mayor must often share executive authority with boards and commission. Little influence on city council.
Recall
The process by which voters can vote to remove the public official from office.
First Amendment
Freedom of speech and press including pure speech, speech plus, symbolic speech, and flag burning.
Presidential Government
A form of government in which the legeslative and executive brances are seperate and function independently.
Marbury VS. Madison Court Case (1803)
Established the power of the supreme court to declare an act of congress or the executive branch unconstitutional
Strong of Mayor Council Plan
Mayor has the power to propose the city budget and to veto ordinances passed by council. Has the authority to appoint and remove heads of city departments.
Referendum
The process by which a proposed public measure is voted upon.
Second Amendment
Right to bear arms
Democracy
A sytem of government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives.
McCullough VS. Maryland Court Case (1819)
Expanded congress' ability to use its implied powers.
Council-Manager Plan
Voters elect the city council who passes ordinances, and appoints department heads and city managers. City managers oversee the departments
Initiative
the process by which citizens can propose a law or state constitutional amendment to be voted upon in an election.
Tenth Amendment
Powers of states and people
Direct Democracy
A democratic system of government in which all citizens participate in politics and desicion-making.
Plessy VS. Furgeson Court Case (1896)
Ruled that seperate but equal facilities for african americans are constitutional.
Commission Plan
Voters elect commissioners that serve as department heads, and also pass ordinances.
Eminent Domain
The governments right to take control of private property for public use
Twenty-First Amendment
Repeal of prohibition
Representative Democracy
A democratic system of government in which policies are made by officials accountable to the people who elected them.
Dred Scott Court Case (1857)
Ruled that African American citizens can not be U.S. citizens and that congress has no power to forbid slavery in U.S. territories.
Voter Behavior
Voters will join a political party, the most common are Democratic, Republican, and Independent. Voters are allowed to and will change their political party at anytime. Those whom support a party may donate money, encourage others to join, and attend party meeting
Representative Government
A system in which policies are made by officials accountable to the people who elected them.
Seventeenth Amendment
Direct election of senators
Popular Sovereignty
The fundemental principle that the power to govern belongs to the people and that the government must be based on the consent of the governed.
Roe VS. Wade Court Case (1973)
Established a woman's rights to have an abortion under certain circumstances.