The Courts/The President
The President being able to fill a government office or position.
What is appointment power?
Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants.
What is a mandate?
Regents of the U. of California v. Bakke (1978), Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) and Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) all dealt with this issue.
What is affirmative action?
A power that is specifically granted to the national government in the Constitution
What is the enumerated power?
A team of men and women seeking to control the governing apparatus by gaining office in a duly constituted election.
What is a political party?
to stand on decided cases judicial policy of following precedents established past decisions.
What is stare decisis?
This concept of federalism views the national and state governments as collaborating to solve common problems.
What is cooperative federalism?
The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
What is the civil rights?
Dating back to 1790 which stalls by using time-wasting maneuvers to block a bill
What is a filibuster?
The channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the government's policy agenda. In the US these channels include elections,political parties, interest groups and the media.
What is linkage institutions?
This amendment establishes how to fill the presidential and vice presidential vacancies.
What is the twenty-fifth amendment?
Type of federal grant for a specific purpose.
What is a categorical grant?
These two clauses in the First Amendment make up what is generally understood as Americans' "freedom of religion."
What are free exercise and establishment clauses?
Drawing legislative district boundary lines to get an advantage by manipulating the shape for the dominant party
What is gerrymandering?
A period when a significant shift occurs in the coalitions of national political parties.
What is a realignment (or critical period)?
An order issued by a higher court to a lower court to send up the record of a case for review
What is writ of certiorari?
Landmark case that held a national ban on guns in a school zone had violated the commerce clause.
What is U.S. v. Lopez (1995)?
This landmark SCOTUS case said the First Amendment applies to the states, thereby beginning the process of selective incorporation.
What is Gitlow v. New York (1925)?
A member of Congress that aides majority or minority leader of the House or Senate
What is a whip?
A meeting of supporters or members of a political party for the purpose of choosing candidates for an election (the first one happens in Iowa).
What is a caucus?
Philosophy looking to the "letter of the law" when interpreting the constitution vs. philosophy looking to the context and purpose of a law when interpreting.
What is judicial restraint v judicial activism?
Landmark case that held all interstate commerce will be regulated by the national government.
What is Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
This landmark case's majority opinion created the "clear and present danger test" to analyze future free speech cases.
What is Schenck v. United States (1919)?
The budget that is prepared and submitted by the president to congress
What is the executive budget?
Party leaders and elected officials who automatically become delegates to the national convention.
What are superdelegates?