Amendments
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed
What is the 2nd Amendment?
This case involved the issue of whether or not Congress has the authority to establish a national bank and whether or not it was constitutional for Maryland to tax the bank
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
This political ideology typically believes in less federal power and more power for states.
What is conservatism?
Strong allegiance to one's political party which can often lead to unwillingness to compromise with members of the opposing party
What is partisanship?
Powers shared equally by the Federal and State governments. This could include taxes, construction and maintenance of roads, providing social welfare, etc.
What are concurrent powers?
Includes the following freedoms/rights:
- Religion
- Assembly
- Petition
- Press
- Speech
What is the 1st Amendment?
This case involved a law creating a Gun-Free Zone in schools and was ruled unconstitutional because the possession of a gun in a local school zone is not an economic activity and does not fit with the commerce clause.
What is United States v. Lopez?
A statistic expressing the amount of random sampling error in the results of a survey. The larger the difference, the less confidence one should have that a poll result is credible.
However, by reporting a sampling error, it could increase its credibility.
What is Margin of Error?
Winner-take-all elections often make it difficult for this type of candidate
What is a third-party candidate?
Also known as the elastic clause, this clause says congress can make all laws needed to carry out listed duties
What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated...
What is the 4th Amendment?
The ruling of this case established that students did not lose their First Amendment rights to freedom of speech when they stepped onto school property
Someone voting in their best interest, supporting the candidate whose platform will give them the most favorable outcomes
What is rational choice voting?
- Organizing and running elections
- Responsibility of running the government
- Act as an organized opposition to party in power
What are the functions/purposes of a political party?
Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution
What are enumerated powers?
A court issuing a sentence that is far beyond the crime is prohibited by the 8th Amendment when it says this.
What is "no cruel or unusual punishment"?
In this case, the court ruled that under the First Amendment, corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidate elections cannot be limited. The majority maintained that political speech is indispensable to a democracy, which is no less true because the speech comes from a corporation
What is Citizens United v. FEC?
A citizen's belief that their vote matters and can influence government policies
What is political efficacy?
Interest groups, Congressional committees, and the Bureaucracy work together to make policy that benefits the members of the group.
What are Iron Triangles?
Step 1: Proposal
- 2/3 vote of both houses of COngress
Step 2: Ratification
- 3/4 vote of state legislatures
What is the Amendment Process?
This amendment has been used to incorporate amendments and make them applicable to the states
What is the 14th Amendment?
What is "it can be denied if a clear and present danger exists"
This political ideology favors limited government intervention in personal, social, and economic issues
What is libertarianism?
Political campaigns that focus on the candidate for office - their personalities and issues - rather than the parties they represent. Since the 1930s, this type of campaign has predominated in American politics
What is a candidate-centered campaign?
Regarding the Constitution and government power:
- Favored a Constitution establishing a strong central government
- Did not believe a Bill of Rights was necessary
- Believed a large republic was seen as the best protection for individual liberty
- Supporters included large farmers, merchants, and artisans
Who are Federalists?