Supreme Courts
A judge sued the Secretary of State since they refused to deliever his papers so he could start working. Established Judicial Review.
What is Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly and petition
What is the 1st amendment
A statistical data relating to a specific population or group of people
What is a Demographic
Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the thirteen colonies independent from Great Britain.
What is Declaration of Independence
What were the first 2 political parties (in U.S. History)
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
A Student brought a gun to school. Congress created gun control laws through the Commerce clause. Was ruled unconstitutional because gun control is not a commerce clause.
What is U.S. v. Lopez (1995)
Right to vote cannot be denied by race
What is the 15th amendment
In most states, the candidate who wins the plurality of the popular vote gets all the states electoral votes (exceptions Maine and Nebraska)
What is Winner-Take-All System
Written by James Madison, Federalist, and it talks about the dangers of Factions and the importance of a strong national government.
What is Federalist 10
Retaining the bill unsigned until it is too late for it be dealt with during the legislative session
What is a Pocket Veto
Amish parents refused to send their children to school after 8th grade, stating it went against their religious beliefs. The state had a law though that said students had to stay in school until a certain age. Ruled that the law mandating school attendance violated the first amendment's guarantee of religious freedom
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
Search and Seizure
What is the 4th amendment
Voting based off of past actions from candidates
What is Retrospective Voting
It is the fundamental law of the U.S that defines the government’s structure and the rights of citizens
What is the Constitution
Each state should be represented equally regardless of population (2 senators per state - which plan?)
What is the New Jersey Plan
Students wore armbands to school to protest the Vietam War. The school suspended them saying it was a distraction. The court ruled that students still have rights at school and that they can be limited if they disrupt the learning environment.
What is Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
Popular Election of Senators
What is the 17th amendment
Manipulate lines of districts to favor your political party
weak government, Congress couldn't do anything, shay's rebellion, too much power to the states, difficulty amending
What is weaknesses of Articles of Confederation
What is the Virginia Plan
A poor man was forced to represent himself during his trial since he was unable to afford a lawyer. He argued that his right to a fair trial (6th amendment) was violated because he was denied legal counsel. Ruled in favor of the man, holding that the right to counsel is a fundamental right, essential to a fair trial.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Presidential disability and succession: clarifies procedures for when the president is removed from office, dies, resigns or becomes incapacitated.
What is the 25th amendment
Political Action Committee that is organized for the purpose of raising and spending money to elect and defeat candidates.
What is PAC
Written by Alexander Hamilton, talks about the importance of an independent judiciary and the significance of life terms.
What is Federalist 78
The only president to serve more than 2 terms
What is Franklin D. Roosevelt