Constitution
Term used to describe powers shared by the national and state governments.
Concurrent Powers
Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants.
Mandate
This rule says that illegally gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial.
Exclusionary Rule
The difference between the results of random poll samples at the same time.
Sampling Error
A period when a significant shift occurs in the coalitions of national political parties.
This large-state contribution to the Constitutional Convention called for a strong national government.
Virginia Plan
This concept of federalism views the national and state governments as collaborating to solve common problems.
Cooperative Federalism
These two clauses in the First Amendment make up what is generally understood as Americans' "freedom of religion."
Establishment & Free Exercise
The process by which a person forms his or her political views.
Political Socialization
Interest groups hire these individuals who put pressure on legislators.
Lobbyists
This uprising of Revolutionary War veterans brought attention to several weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation.
Shay's Rebellion
Type of federal grant for a specific purpose.
Categorical Grant
This landmark case's majority opinion created the "clear and present danger test" to analyze future free speech cases.
Schenk v. U.S.
What are two requirements to vote in the US?
18 years old; citizenship
This tactic is used by large interest groups to mobilize its members with phone calls, letters, protests, etc.
Grassroots
Group that insisted on a Bill of Rights
Anti-Federalists
Landmark case that held a national ban on guns in a school zone had violated the commerce clause.
U.S. v. Lopez
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 allowed for increased voter participation, because it outlawed this practice
Literacy Tests
Two groups in society that are typically prohibited from voting
Felons, Mentally Ill, non-citizens
Two differences between political parties and interest groups
broad vs. specific issues, nominating candidates vs. not, etc.
Federal government powers that are not expressed, but can be inferred from the constitution.
Implied Powers
Court case that re-emphasized the supremacy of the federal government
McCullough v. Maryland
Process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states through courts litigation.
Selective Incorporation
Three demographics more likely to vote Democrat.
African-Americans, women, low-income, young, more educated
This type of interest group is meant to benefit the general welfare of society, as opposed to members only.
Public Interest Group