The Constitution
The first ten amendments to the Constitution are known collectively as the
Bill of Rights
The chambers of Congress responsible for drafting bills and voting them into law is the-
Senate and House of Representatives
Letter From a Birmingham Jail was written by Martin Luther King Jr. and dealt with the issue of-
Civil rights/direct action/non-violent protest
The court case that overruled "separate but equal" and outlawed discrimination is-
Brown v. Board of Education
Each state has how many senators?
Two
Freedom of Speech, Press, Petition, Assembly/Protest, and Religion
The head of the Executive Branch is the-
President
James Madison in Federalist 51 makes the case for a system of-
Checks and balances/separation of powers
The court case that ruled student speech is legal as long as it is not disruptive to learning is-
Tinker v. Des Moines
The process of redrawing state lines to benefit either the Democratic or Republican party is called-
Gerrymandering
An amendment is ratified in the Constitution through the process outlined in Article V, and includes what two steps?
Passing 2/3s of Congress and 3/4s of the state legislatures
The difference between the similar terms of checks and balances and separation of powers is that-
Separation of Powers defines what roles each branch has, while Checks and Balances defines how each branch can overrule one another
In which foundational document does Alexander Hamilton call for an independent judiciary?
Federalist 78
Which case was the first to rule that there is a limitation to free speech?
Schenck v. US
Define one role of the Vice President
Breaks ties on bills, is President of the Senate, is next in line of succession to the President
Which clauses of the proposed Constitution did Brutus explicitly rail against?
Supremacy Clause and Necessary and Proper Clause
What is the relationship between the Senate and debate on a proposed bill?
It can be extended via a filibuster and ended through a 3/5s vote of cloture
What does Brutus say is the most important authority given to the government?
The power to tax
How was Engel v. Vitale an example of the use of the Supremacy Clause in action?
The federal government (SCOTUS) overruled an established state law
The process of allocating money in the budget to different departments in the government is called
Appropriations
Define the process in which an amendment gets repealed (ex.: how did Prohibition, the 18th amendment, get reversed?)
A new amendment must be ratified through 2/3s of Congress and 3/4s of state legislatures
What is an example of bureaucratic rule-making?
Examples could include things similar to the EPA setting emissions standards on businesses, saying that they cannot go beyond a certain level of pollution per (era of time: month, year, etc.)
How does James Madison describe how individual rights and authority should be balanced in society?
Majority Rule, Minority Rights
How was Citizens United v. FEC an example of a court case dealing with the First Amendment?
It limited restrictions on campaign finance contributions previously deemed illegal through the BCRA
Name an independent regulatory agency and describe its relationship to the President
Federal Reserve; President does not have central power over it, cannot hire/fire heads of these agencies