Government Development
A system of government that gives power to the people, whether directly or through elected representatives.
Republic
Meeting of representatives from 9 colonies where they drafted a document to send to the King listing how the colonists' rights had been violated.
Continental Congress / Olive Branch Petition
Agreement reached stating each slave was to be counted as 3/5 a person.
3/5 Compromise
Prisoners have the right to know what charges are being made against them.
Habeas Corpus
Powers shared by the national and state governments
Concurrent
The principle that governments must draw their powers from the consent of the governed.
Popular sovereignty
This document, written by Thomas Paine, encouraged revolution and eased colonists' worry about the idea of revolt against the King.
Common Sense
Constitutionally mandated structure that gives each of the 3 branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of others.
Separation of Powers
"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."
2nd Amendment
Part of Article IV of the Constitution that requires states to return criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial.
Extradition
The notion that the ultimate authority in society rests with the people
Popular soverignty
Two meetings held: one to resist taxation without representation and the other to develop an army led by George Washington
Continental Congress
Specific powers granted to Congress under Article I, section 8, of the Constitution
Enumerated Powers
"The powers not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."
10th Amendment
This Supreme Court decision states federal banks cannot be taxed. The decision further enhanced the power of the federal government.
McColloch v. Maryland
A doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature and, such as, can be understood by reason
Natural law/rights
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness."
Declaration of Independence
Final paragraph of Article I, section 8, of the Constitution which gives Congress authority to pass, "___ and ___" laws to carry out all enumerated powers.
Necessary and Proper
"The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected as follows."
Article II
This Amendment followed the Civil War and allows the National Government to levy an income tax.
16th
He argued that a government's major responsibility was the preservation of private property. This idea found its way into the Constitution.
John Locke
The final decision of the Constitutional Convention to create a two-house legislature with the lower house elected by the people and with powers divided between the two houses.
Great Compromise
Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state.
Full Faith & Credit Clause
A law that is passed "after the fact" thereby making previously legal activity now illegal.
Ex Post Facto
The concept that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain areas.
Supremacy Clause