Executive Branch
These are the requirements listed in the Constitution to be President of the United States
What are, be 35 years old, and a Natural Born Citizen of the United States?
This constitutional power allows Congress to oversee executive agencies and ensure they implement laws as intended.
What is Legislative Oversight?
This court, is the highest court of appeal in the United States.
What is the Supreme Court?
These rules issued by federal agencies have the force of law, even though they are not passed by Congress, are a critical part of Bureaucracy.
What are regulations?
This foundational case established the Court’s power to strike down laws as unconstitutional though Judicial Review
What is Marbury v. Madison?
Presidents often issue these directives to manage the federal bureaucracy, though they may be struck down if they conflict with federal law.
What are Executive Orders?
This power exists only in the Senate, and is used to block debate or legislation, and can only be stopped with cloture
What is the Filibuster?
This principle states that courts should rely on past decisions when ruling on cases.
What is Stare Decisis?
This system of hiring, strengthened by the Pendleton Act, is based on qualifications rather than political connections.
What is the Merit System?
In McCullough v. Maryland, the Court ruled that states cannot tax federal institutions and confirmed this key constitutional principle expanding national authority.
What is the Supremacy Clause?
A president uses this strategy to influence Congress by appealing directly to the public to pressure lawmakers.
What is the Bully Pulpit?
Revenue or Budget bills must start here, which gives them a significant influence over the federal budget and economic policy.
What is the House of Representatives?
This type of opinion agrees with the majority’s outcome but not its reasoning, or has its own belief as to why the majority decision was reached.
What is Concurring Opinion?
This relationship between agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees illustrates how public policy can be shaped outside the formal lawmaking process.
What are Iron Triangles?
This case opened the door for federal courts to hear redistricting disputes by rejecting the political question doctrine as a barrier.
What is Baker v. Carr?
This formal power gives the president authority to influence the judiciary long after their term ends.
What is appointing Federal (SCOTUS) Judges?
This strategy, as part of Gerrymandering, is when you try to spread the opposing party as thinly as possible when redrawing district boundaries.
What is cracking?
A. Ham had this assessment over the Judicial Branch in Federalist 78.
What is that it was the least dangerous?
This organization, that could be handled by a Corporation, is an example of a service the government provides, run by government employees.
What is the United States Postal Service?
This case ruled that race cannot be the predominant factor in drawing districts because it may violate the Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment.
What is Shaw v. Reno?
In Federalist 70, Alexander Hamilton said this trait in the Executive, is important in the definition of good government.
What is Energy?
Senator Lantz decides to vote for Senator Fregoso's bill, with the expectation that she would offer reciprocal support when his bill is up for a vote.
What is Logrolling?
Andrew Jackson saying (allegedly) "John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it!" is an example of this.
What is the Court’s lack of enforcement power?
This is the bureaucratic agency's ability to decide whether or not to take certain courses of action when implementing existing laws.
What is Discretionary Authority?
In US v. Lopez, the Court struck down the Gun-Free School Zones Act because Congress exceeded this enumerated power, marking a limit to federal authority.
What is the Commerce Clause