The Constitution
Article 1
Legislative Branch
1st Amendment
First constitution of the US, created a league of friendship where most power was left in the hands of the states, with no power to tax, provide for common defense, and regulate interstate commerce. Led to Shay's Rebellion.
The Articles of Confederationi
This 1803 supreme court case established the concept of Judicial Review which clarified the role of the courts and set the precedent for all future significant cases.
Marbury v Madison
According to Article 7, how many states were required for ratification of the constitution
9 of 13
Article 2
Executive Branch
This Amendment ended Slavery
13th Amendment
This document said that only small republics work, that large republics were too diverse, and draws on the works of Montesquieu
Brutus No 1
This 1819 Supremacy Clause case in which the state of Maryland attempted to tax the National Bank established Federal supremacy over state laws.
McCulloch v Maryland
The first 10 Amendments to the constitution are known as what?
The Bill of Rights
Article 3
Judicial Branch
This Amendment set a two term limit rule for President after FDR won a third term
This document, written in 1963 by Martin Luther King Jr, advocated for a non-violent approach including civil disobedience, and that breaking an unjust law was right. This document helped lead to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Letter from Birmingham Jail
This 1971 1st Amendment Case ruled that Nixon's efforts to prevent the Pentagon Papers violated the 1st Amendment and established a heavy presumption against prior restraint, even in issues of National Security.
New York Times Co v United States
Which compromise led to a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the lower house and equal representation in the upper house
The Great Compromise or Connecticut Compromise
Article 4
Relations Between the States
This Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures
4th Amendment
Written by Hamilton, this document advocated for a strong, unitary executive. Hamilton said a president should be energetic, able to respond quickly to events, and should be a single person accountable for the actions of the executive.
Federalist #70
This 1969 1st Amendment case established the right of symbolic speech, ruling that students were not stripped of their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gates, and allowed students to continue wearing symbolic armbands protesting the Vietnam War.
Tinker v Des Moines
Which compromise from the 1787 convention decided that slaves would count for 3/5 of a whole person for representation, population, and taxation
3/5ths Compromise
Article 5
The Amendment Process
This Amendment establishes a constitutional right to An Attorney
6th Amendment
Written by Madison, this document said that factions were evil, and that in large republics, factions offset each other and lead to compromise.
Federalist #10
This 2010 1st Amendment case ruled that political spending by corporations, associations, and labor unions is a form of free speech protected by the 1st Amendment.
Citizens United v FEC
Which Compromise said that slavery could not be banned before 1808 (20 years) and left the nation able to tax slaves as property
Slave Trade Compromise
Article 6
The Supremacy Clause and other miscellaneous
This Amendment establishes a right to due process of law, a right to not incriminate yourself, and the right to be protected from double jeopardy.
5th Amendment
Written by Hamilton, this document says that Federal judges should serve for life in order to allow them to be impartial and avoid politicization. It also said that only a few men have the ethics and academic qualifications to hold this office.
Federalist #78
This 1963 6th Amendment case established a constitutional right to counsel, ruling that the right to an attorney due process procedure applies to felony defendants in state courts, and that the poor shall be provided an attorney
Giden V Wainwright
How were voter qualifications decided at the 1787 convention
Left to the States to decide
Article 7
Rule for ratification by conventions of the states
This Amendment established that no citizen can be deprived of privileges and immunities of citizenship nor life, liberty, or property without due process of law, equal protection of each citizen under the law, established natural citizenship of each person born in the US, and established prohibitions against those who had engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the Untied States from holding public office.
14th Amendment
Written by Madison, this document said checks and balances will keep government from being too powerful. "if men were angels"
Federalist #51
This 2010 Commerce Clause case ruled that Congress had exceeded its power under the commerce clause when attempting to regulate guns on school grounds based on its right to regulate commerce
United States v Lopez
The constitution was written in the summer of ____, ratified in ____, and the Bill of Rights was added ini ____.
1787, 1788, and 1791
This amendment states that powers not specifically given to the Federal Government are reserved by the states
10th Amendment
This document was written in 1776, and established the foundational principles of American Government. It stated that all men are created equal, and that governmental power was derived from the consent of the governed.
Declaration of Independence
In this 1993 14th Amendment case, the court ruled that race can be a factor, but not the sole factor when redistricting, and that racial gerrymandering is highly suspect.
Shaw v Reno
A tripartite relationship among Congress (particularly sub-committees of Congress), government agencies, and interest groups that helps create U.S. policy. Participants are also involved in policymaking in order to protect their own self-interests.
Iron Triangle