Not Grammar
The first successful airplane was invented in 1903.
The first successful airplane stayed in flight for a few seconds.
The first successful airplane, invented in 1903, stayed in flight for a few seconds.
Katherine Johnson helped launch the first American astronaut into orbit.
She was one of the most trusted NASA mathematicians.
Katherine Johnson, one of the most trusted NASA mathematicians, helped launch the first American astronaut into orbit.
The wind lifted entire houses off the ground.
The wind was blowing with incredible speed and force.
The wind, blowing with incredible speed and force, lifted entire houses off the ground.
I lay there listening to the soft chorus of Maribel’s
and Arturo’s long, even breaths. In and out. In and
out. The ________ of possibility. The tug of doubt.
Had we done the right thing, coming here?
a. ambivalent b. bewildered c. surge d. meagerness
surge
The distinct personality or style of an author/narrator as expressed in their writing
voice
CNSA made history in 2019 by landing a rover on the far side of the moon.
CNSA is China’s space agency.
CNSA, China’s space agency, made history in 2019 by landing a rover on the far side of the moon.
Melipona bees produce a small amount of honey each year.
Melipona bees are a type of stingless bee.
They are native to the Americas.
Melipona bees, a type of stingless bee native to the Americas, produce a small amount of honey each year.
even though / since / until
Chimpanzees often live close to large bodies of water.
They are not strong swimmers.
Even though chimpanzees often live close to large bodies of water, they are not strong swimmers.
I asked Coach if I could go back in, even if just for a few drills. When he looked ________, I lied and said, “I’ve been practicing with my dad at home. Even he thinks I’m getting better.
a. bewildered b. ambivalent c. compliant d. imploring
ambivalent
A concept that emphasizes self-reflection and personal experience in understanding art and literature or other big ideas
auto theory
until / since / though
Giraffes have long necks.
They can reach leaves on tall trees.
Since giraffes have long necks, they can reach leaves on tall trees.
unless / even though / because
Nelson Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize.
He brought South Africa together.
Because Nelson Mandela brought South Africa together, he won the Nobel Peace Prize.
who / that / which
The light bulb was an invention.
It brought electricity into homes.
The light bulb was an invention that brought electricity into homes.
It was a story about how Yu Li came to the United States from China with his parents. He went to school one day and some of the kids taunted him and some of them were kind. But Yu Li didn’t know English, so he was __________.
a. imploring b. compliant c. reproached d. bewildered
bewildered
The perspective from which a story is told, influencing how events and characters are perceived
point of view
who / that / which
The pressurized deep sea diving suit was invented in 1932.
It led to the exploration of unknown parts of the ocean.
The pressurized deep sea diving suit, which was invented in 1932, led to the exploration of unknown parts of the ocean.
which / that / who
Olympus Mons is the tallest mountain in our solar system.
Olympus Mons is on Mars.
Olympus Mons, which is on Mars, is the tallest mountain in our solar system.
but / because
Guppies can live with other peaceful fish in aquariums.
Piranhas should only be kept in tanks with other piranhas.
Piranhas typically eat other fish.
Guppies can live with other peaceful fish in aquariums, but piranhas should only be kept in tanks with other piranhas because they typically eat other fish.
“She’s resting,” I said. “The hot dog will be ready soon,” I added, as if it were some sort of consolation. But when Arturo didn’t say anything, I felt acutely the ________ of it, the insufficiency. We wanted more. We wanted what we had come here for.
a. meagerness b. conception c. implication d. rehabilitation
meagerness
A term used to describe people of Latin American origin or descent, encompassing a diverse range of cultures and identities
Latino
when / but
Dominic went skiing for the first time.
He was afraid to ski on the smallest slope.
Now his friends watch him ski in competitions.
When Dominic went skiing for the first time, he was afraid to ski on the smallest slope, but now his friends watch him ski in competitions.
Alpha wolves track the prey.
The prey is also hunted by alpha wolves.
Alpha wolves decide where to build the pack’s den.
Producing pups for the pack is also something alpha wolves do.
Alpha wolves track and hunt prey, decide where to build the pack's den, and produce pups for the pack.
The sun provides energy for plants.
Oceans are warmed by the sun.
Impacting weather patterns is also a thing the sun does.
The sun provides energy for plants, warms oceans, and impacts weather patterns.
There was no rhyme or reason to it. Sin pies ni cabeza. She resisted, she was confused, and then, suddenly, something would snap back into place and she was _________, agreeable. Even a year after the accident, I was still unable to discern the pattern.
a. imploring b. indignified c. compliant d. reproached
compliant
The process by which individuals or groups adopt the cultural norms of another group, often losing their original identity
assimilation