UNIT 1+2
Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group. This is the essence of how humans interact with nature
What is Cultural landscape?
The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people’s distinct tradition
What is Culture?
Before the agriculture, humans gained food by hunting for animals, fishing, or gathering plants. They lived in small groups (less than 50 people), traveled frequently following game and seasonal growth of plants
What is Hunting and Gathering?
The total value of goods and services produced in a year in a given country.
What is GDP?
The process of white families selling their homes because of fears that blacks would move in and lower the property value
What is blockbusting?
The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment
What is Possiblism?
The rapid widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population
The small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers. Distinguishable by the large diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, during a single growing season. Labor is done manually
What is market or truck gardening?
An aggregate index of development, which takes into account economic, social and demographic factors, using GDP, literacy and education, and life expectancy.
What is the Human Development Index?
A net migration from urban to rural areas
What is Counterurbanization?
The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation system
What is Time Space Compression?
This is the belief that humans should be based on facts and not religious beliefs. This is important to HG because this has caused conflicts in a lot of different places including politics.
What is secularism?
Precursor to Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, that allowed a shift in work force beyond subsistence farming to allow labor to work in factories. Started in United Kingdom, Netherlands, and Denmark, especially with the Enclosure Act, which consolidated land in Great Britain. Potatoes and corn diffused from America’s to Europe, and other resources followed from colonial possessions to Europe.
What is the second agricultural revolution?
How the price and demand on land changes as the distance towards the CBD increases
What is the Bid Rent Theory?
A neighborhood with distinctive ethnic composition
What is an ethnic neighborhood?
The location of a place relative to other places.
What is Situation?
The political term used when referring to the fragmentation or breakup of a region or country into smaller regions or countries. The term comes from the Balkan wars, where the country of Yugoslavia was broken up in to six countries between 1989 and 1992
What is Balkanization?
Pastoral practice of seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas.
What is transhumance?
Refers to benefits or advantages (savings, cost reductions, etc.) resulting from the spatial clustering of activities and/or people
What is agglomeration?
Process in which low cost neighborhoods are renovated by middle class to increase property values
What is gentrification?
Was one of the first to argue that the worlds rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food population. This is important because he brought up the point that we may be outrunning our supplies because of our exponentially growing population.
Who is Thomas Malthus?
Regulated trade and colonization in Africa. It formalized the scramble to gain colonies in Africa and set up boundaries for each country’s colonies.
What is the conference of Berlin?
‘Green Revolution’ Rapid diffusion of new agricultural techniques between 1970’s and 1980’s, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. Has caused agricultural productivity at a global scale to increase faster than population growth.
What is the Third Agricultural Revolution?
Describes the pattern of distribution of the MDCs and LDCs. When the earth is viewed from the North Pole, the MDCs are clustered near the center of the map while the LDCs are near the edges.
What is the core-periphery model?
A settlement which acts as a link between two areas
What is a gateway city?