Thinking Geographically
Method of collecting geographic data remotely
What is remote sensing?
The movement of people from low-density, agricultural areas to high-density urban areas
What is Rural-to-Urban Migration?
A community-driven process in which people collaborate to create a place where they can live, work, play, and learn
What is placemaking?
The expansion of cultural, economic, and political processes at the global scale
What is globalization?
Calculating population doubling time by dividing 70 by the rate of natural increase
What is the rule of 70?
The spread of cultural traits through the movement of individuals or groups
What is relocation diffusion?
Places start to seem closer than they may be physically because of processes such as technology that reduce the effects of distance decay
What is time-space compression?
Prediction that the world will experience food shortages and famine as a result of overpopulation, and that food production could only increase arithmetically while population grows exponentially V.S. the belief that population growth is unsustainable and that the future population cannot be supported by Earth’s resources/outpacing of the carrying capacity of Earth
What is the Malthusian Theory V.S. Neo-Malthusian ideas?
The process of innovation combining different cultural features (usually beliefs) into something new V.S. the blending of two or more cultural elements (usually languages or culture/identity of people involved)
What is syncretism V.S. creolization?
Legal and fair redrawing of voting district lines done every decade after the census V.S. manipulation of redrawing the lines to favor one party
What is redistricting V.S. gerrymandering?
Stage 1- High CBR and CDR, pre-industial. Stage 2- Decreasing CDR, high and constant CBR, start of Industrial Revolution. Stage 3- CBR declining b/c urbanization and increased education (especially for females), lower TFR b/c less need for large families. Stage 4- Low CBR and CDR, little to no population growth, aging population, post-industrialization. Stage 5- Higher CDR than CBR, population decline.
What is the Demographic Transition Model?
Explains uneven economic development around the world, caused by a power hierarchy with core countries at the top exploiting peripheral countries for cheap labor and natural resources, preventing peripheral countries from gaining power or improving their situation
What is the World Systems Theory?
Stage 1- CDR is high and life expectancy is low due to the prevalence of infectious/parasitic diseases and lack of advancements. Stage 2- CDR decrease and life expectancy increases b/c of improved sanitation, nutrition, and medicine. Stage 3- CDR is low and life expectancy continues to increase b/c less deaths from infectious disease and most deaths from age-related diseases. Stage 4- Medical advancements delay the start of diseases from Stage 3, allowing people to live longer, healthier lives, life expectancy is at its peak. Stage 5- Life expectancy decreases b/c infectious and parasitic diseases become resistant to antibiotics and reappear.
What is the Epidemiological Transition Model?
The idea that societies leave behind a cultural imprint, even after the society is gone
Explains how geographers answer questions. First, they identify and ask about an issue from a geographic perspective, then data is collected. And after data collection they visualize the data through maps or other images that illustrate patterns and relationships and stories that communicate the issue and geographic data are created.
What is the Geo-Inquiry Process?
Explains migration patterns, suggesting most moves are short-distance, step-by-step, and driven by economic factors, and that rural-to-urban shifts are common.
What are Ravenstein's Laws of Migration?
the tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to the standards of their own culture V.S. the evaluation of a culture by that culture’s unique standards
What is ethnocentrism V.S. cultural relativitism?