Political Geography
Political Processes
Political Power and Territoriality
Defining Political Boundaries
The Function of Political Boundaries
Internal Boundaries
Defining Devolutionary Factors
Challenges to Sovereignty
Consequences of Centrifugal and Centripetal Forces
100
This is the formal term for country.
What is a STATE?
100
Forces that unify people within a country.
What is a CENTRIPETAL FORCE?
100
People with different religions, traditions, and customs who live near each other can come into conflict if one group tries to expand its power and territory. For Example, the relationship between Sunni and Shia Muslims.
What are CULTURAL CONFLICTS?
100
These boundaries were established before a large population was present.
What are ANTECEDENT boundaries?
100
This type of boundary is established by a legal document, such as a treaty, that divides one entity from another (with an invisible line).
What is a DEFINED BOUNDARY?
100
Subnational borders that divide a country into states, provinces, counties, cities, or special districts.
What are INTERNAL BORDERS?
100
Can cause isolation, decrease connections, and increase the likelihood of devolution.
What is PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY?
100
Have a local, legislative body to govern a region with a population that is an ethnic minority within the entire country but are not fully independent.
What are AUTONOMOUS REGIONS?
100
When loyalty to a distinct portion of a country is more important than loyalty to the entire country.
What is REGIONALISM?
200
This is a group of people who have things in common like cultural heritage, beliefs, traditional claim to a space or homeland, and a desire to establish their own state or express self-rule in another way.
What is a NATION?
200
Forces that divide people, break states apart, or even prevent states from forming.
What are CENTRIFUGAL FORCES?
200
If a region has natural resources, control over those resources can bring groups into conflict. An example is the Spratly Islands and the believed petroleum reserves there.
What are ECONOMIC CONFLICTS?
200
These boundaries were drawn to accommodate religious, ethnic, linguistic, or economic differences.
What are SUBSEQUENT BOUNDARIES?
200
This boundary is drawn on a map by a cartographer to show the limits of a space.
What is a DELIMITED BOUNDARY?
200
Specific type of internal border that divides voters into subnational election regions.
What are VOTING DISTRICTS?
200
The advocacy of full political separation from the larger group along cultural, ethnic, tribal, or governmental lines.
What is ETHNIC SEPARATION?
200
A group of people who have a primary allegiance to a traditional group or ethnicity.
What is SUBNATIONALISM?
200
Support for the political interests of a particular ethnic group within a state, especially its national independence or self-determination.
What is ETHNONATIONALISM.
300
This is a nation of people who fulfill the qualifications of a state.
What is a NATION-STATE
300
Influencing another country or group of people by direct conquest, economic control, or cultural dominance.
What is IMPERIALISM?
300
A system where economic, political, or even cultural control is indirectly exerted over developing countries. An example would be the conditional aid to European countries the United States offered struggling nations after World War II.
What is NEOCOLONIALISM?
300
These boundaries were drawn by outside powers.
What are SUPERIMPOSED BOUNDARIES?
300
This boundary is identified by physical objects placed on the landscape.
What is a DEMARCATED BOUNDARY?
300
Changes the number of representatives granted to each state to reflect the state's population.
What is REAPPORTIONMENT?
300
Policy designed to remove an ethnic or religious group from a certain geographic area by violent or terrorist-related activies.
What is ETHNIC CLEANSING?
300
The fragmentation of a state or region into smaller, often hostile, units along ethno-linguistic lines.
What is BALKANIZATION?
300
The strong feelings of patriotism and loyalty one feels toward one's country, promotes a sense of belonging, even if a country's population is an ethically diverse one.
What is NATIONALISM
400
This is a country that contains more than one nation.
What is a MULTINATIONAL STATE
400
A type of IMPERIALISM in which people move into and settle on the land of another country.
What is COLONIALISM?
400
The Straight of Hormuz, the Suez Canal, Panama Canal, Danish Straits, the Strait of Malacca, and Bab el-Mandeb are examples of this.
What are CHOKE POINTS?
400
These boundaries are still evident on the landscape, but no longer divides.
What are RELIC BOUNDARIES?
400
A boundary where two or more countries agree how it will be maintained, how it will function, and what goods and people will be allowed to cross.
What is an ADMINISTERED BOUNDARY?
400
Changes to district boundaries within a state to guarantee districts have roughly the same number of voters.
What is REDISTRICTING?
400
Organized violence aimed at government and civilian targets to create fear for the advancement of political goals.
What is TERRORISM?
400
Global competition has created the necessity for alliances for collective benefits on a worldwide and regional scale.
What is GLOBALIZATION?
400
These groups have been gaining more local power around the world as a result of devolution.
What are INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
500
This is a defined area within a state that has a high degree of self-government and freedom from its parent state.
What is an AUTONOMOUS REGION?
500
Indigenous people reclaim sovereignty over their territory.
What is DECOLONIZATION?
500
Slovakia would be defined as this in Human Geography.
What is a MULTINATIONAL STATE?
500
These boundaries are straight lines or arcs drawn by people that do not closely follow any physical feature.
What is a GEOMETRIC BOUNDARY?
500
Boundaries that have checkpoints where a passport or visa re required to enter the country.
What is a CONTROLLED BOUNDARY?
500
Drawing of boundaries for political districts by the party in power to protect or increase its power.
What is GERRYMANDERING?
500
Natural resources and the wealth created from them can be used for the benefit of only a portion of a population.
What is ECONOMICS?
500
Multiple countries form an organization for the military, economic, or social benefit of all members.
What is SUPRANATIONALISM
500
Palestinians, Kurds, Basques, Quebecois are all examples of this.
What is a STATELESS NATION?
600
This is a state that has a degree of, but not complete self-rule.
What is a SEMIAUTONOMOUS REGION?
600
Organized mass killing, in which people are targeted because of their race, religion, ethnicity, or nationality, which divides countries.
What is GENOCIDE?
600
Countries highlighted in the darker shade in the map above represent most or all of the members of this organization.
What is NATO (The North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
600
This boundary is a type of subsequent boundary that takes into account existing cultural or physical landscapes
What is a CONSEQUENT BOUNDARY?
600
These boundaries are defined by how far a country's control extends on the earth's oceans.
What is MARITIME or UNCLOS (UN Convention on the Law of the Sea?
600
Districts 1 and 2 best show this gerrymandering strategy.
What is PACKING?
600
Concentrated pockets of a specific religion or distinct spoken language by the local inhabitants increasing division among people.
What are SOCIAL ISSUES
600
The presence of centrifugal forces within a country has led many central governments to transfer power to regional or local governments. This process is called____________.
What is DEVOLUTION
600
Many states of Eastern Europe such as Poland, Slovakia and Romania chose to join the EU (supranational organization) for lower cost of trade, access to European markets, increased job opportunities, and Common currency ( the Euro). This is an example of this kind of force.
What is a CENTRIPETAL FORCE.
700
This is a cultural group that has no independent political entity.
What is a STATELESS NATION?
700
One or more regions are given increased autonomy by the central political unit.
What is DEVOLUTION?
700
The formation of India and Pakistan in 1947 led to a new boundary between the two states. This boundary is best described as this.
What is a CONSEQUENT BOUNDARY - because the border was made along an already-existing cultural division.
700
This type of border is heavily guarded and discourages crossing. An example is the DMZ between North and South Korea.
What is MILITARIZED?
700
When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, it said it wanted to reunite the German minority living in Poland with Germany. This is an example of ___________.
What is IRREDENTISM?
700
Uruguay's national government sets policies that are administered by local governments. This system of government.
What is UNITARY?
700
Movement to unite people who share a language or other cultural elements but are divided by a national boundary.
What is IRREDENTISM?
700
When a country's unity is threatened by inequality or economic problems.
What is CENTRIFUGAL FORCES
700
States give up some sovereignty in order to join these.
What are SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS?
800
This is a nation that has a state of its own but stretches across borders of other states.
What is a MULTISTATE NATION?
800
A period of diplomatic, political, and military rivalry between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
What was THE COLD WAR?
800
The Syrian Civil War erupted in 2011 and forced millions of refugees to flee into Turkey. The Turkish government was sympathetic to the refugees but became concerned about how many Syrians were crossing Turkey's border. This type of border dispute describes this scenario.
What is OPERATIONAL
800
This image is an example of this type of boundary.
What is a DEMARCATED BOUNDARY?
800
The 49th parallel between the United States and Canada.
What is an ANTECEDENT BOUNDARY?
800
This saw European powers divide up the continent of Africa in 1884 and 1885 forcing new borders on the people of Africa. Culture or existing boundaries were not taken into consideration. Europeans were most interested in the extraction of resources and dividing up the land for European exploitation and profit.
What is THE BERLIN CONFERENCE (CONGO CONFERENCE)
800
The crosses in the flags of Scotland, England, and Ireland are combined in the flag of the United Kingdom. This process is represented.
What is The creation of a single state out of separate nations.
800
The strongest support for the conclusion that Japan has few centrifugal forces.
What is a high degree of ETHNIC AND LINGUISTIC HOMOGENEITY.
800
Uneven economic development results in uneven benefits and the separation or _______________ of a state.
What is FRAGMENTATION?