Unit 1
the location of a place relative to other places
situation
A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live
Life expectancy
the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape
cultural landscape
a politically organized independent territory with the government defined borders and a permanent population.
state or country
this is when a state form join and break up because of ongoing sometimes violent conflicts among parties And because they are caught between the interest of more powerful outside states
Shatterbelts
The position of a place in relation to another place
relative location
The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
dependency ratio
the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
Hierarchical Diffusion
the right of a government to control and defend its territory and determine what happens within its borders
sovereignty
sometimes related to independence movements This process occurs when the central power and estate is broken up among regional authorities within its borders it tends to happen along national lines allowing members of a nation to claim greater authority over their territory
devolution
An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics. Example: Wisconsin
formal region
A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.
zero population growth (zpg)
a language that is no longer taught to children by their parents and is not used for everyday conversation
endangered language
cultural entities meaning that they are made up of individuals who forged a common identity through a shared language religion ethnicity or heritage Often all four of these
nation
these boundaries are drawn in areas that have been settled by people and where cultural landscapes already exist or are in the process of being established these are the most common types of boundaries
subsequent boundaries
The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment.
possibilism
government policy that supports higher birth rates
pronatalist policy
The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population, often spread by word of mouth
contagious diffusion
the attempt to acquire territories in neighboring states inhabited by people of the same nation that share a cultural identity including language religion ethnicity and or heritage.
Iridentism
these types of boundaries are drawn over existing accepted borders by an outside conquered force with little regard to the culture or ethnicity of the people live on the land
superimposed boundary
the view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life including cultural development
environmental determinism
the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries
what is brain drain
An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.
intervening obstacle
a narrow strategic passageway to another place through which it is difficult to pass They are limited in size and therefore a great deal of competition for their use They can be a source of power influence and wealth for the countries that control them
choke point
this organization governs and established the structure of maritime boundaries, sets regulations regarding the exclusive economic zones of countries and also specifies the rules for determining how territorial seas and exclusive exclusive economic zones should be measured and delimited
united Nations Convention on the law of the sea [UNCLOS]