Chapter 1
the study of natural processes and the distribution of features in the environment, such as landforms, plants, animals, soil, and climate
What is Physical geography?
involving data that can be measured by numbers
What is quantitative?
the number of people occupying a unit of land
What is population density?
rate at which a population grows as the result of the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate
What is rate of natural increase (RNI)?
movement away from a location
What is emigration?
the relationships between living things and their environments
What is ecological perspective?
a computer system that allows for the collection, organization, and display of geographic data for analysis
What is geographic information systems (GIS)?
the total number of farmers per unit of arable land
What is agricultural density?
describing the theory related to the idea that population growth is unsustainable and that the future population cannot be supported by Earth's resources
What is Neo-Malthusian ?
a model that predicts the interaction between two or more places; geographers derived the model from Newton’s law of universal gravitation
What is the gravity model?
the exact location of an object, usually expressed in coordinates of longitude and latitude
What is absolute location?
the cardinal directions north, south, east, and west
What is absolute direction?
the number of births in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population
What is crude birth rate?
a model that represents shifts in the growth of the world’s populations, based on population trends related to birth rate and death rate
What is the demographic transition model (DTM)?
a positive cause that attracts someone to a new location
What is a pull factor?
a place’s absolute location, as well as its physical characteristics, such as the landforms, climate, and resources
What is site?
any map that focuses on one or more variables to show a relationship between geographic data
What is a thematic map?
the number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1,000 live births
What is infant mortality rate (IMR)?
a model that describes changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as the result of changes in causes of death
What is the epidemiological transition model (ETM)?
type of migration in which people are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors
What is forced migration?
theory of human-environment interaction that states that humans have the ability to adapt the physical environment to their needs
What is possibilism?
direction based on a person's perception, such as left, right, up, or down
What is relative direction?
the average number of children one woman in a given region will have during her child-bearing years (ages 15 to 49)
What is total fertility rate (TFR)?
describing attitudes or policies that encourage childbearing as a means of spurring population growth
What is pronatalist?
type of migration in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrated there
What is chain migration?