cells
Which two domains contain organisms that consist of prokaryotic cells?
archaea and bacteria 😎
biotic v abiotic factors? list three examples of each
biotic: living (trees, plants, animals) abiotic: nonliving (rocks, air, temperature, climate,etc)
natural selection aka? what is it?
survival of the fittest; it's when genetically suitable organisms in a specials are fit to survive and reproduce
functions of each macromolecule
lipid: long-term energy storage
carbohydrate: short-term energy storage
protein: structure and enzyme
nucleic-acid: storing genetic material
name all parts of the brain
temporal, occipital, parietal, frontal, cerebellum, brain stem
mitosis vs meiosis
mitosis: body cells, asexual, two identical diploid daughter cells
meiosis: zygote❤️, sexual, four haploids, genetically different
10%, 90% for processes and waste
what must there be for natural selection?
competition, high population, genetic variation,
what are the monomers of each macromolecule?
carb: monosaccharide
protein: amino acid
nucleic acid: nucleotide
what microscope limits the detail and resolution or images in a microscope; can study living specimens
light microscopes
what's the main job of the cell membrane? what is it also called? what is it made of?
controls what goes in and out of the cell; semi-permeable membrane/plasma membrane/phospholipid bi-layer; lipids
What is a species' niche?
a niche is the unique role and habitat a species occupies, including its resources and interactions, allowing it to avoid direct competition with others
what are the types of mutations?
frame-shift (insertion/deletion) and point (substitution)
b cell functions
antibody production
immunological memory: memory B cells
antigen presentation: capturing antigens and displaying them to T cells to coordinate a comprehensive immune response.
cytokine secretion: b cells secrete cytokines, which are signaling proteins
what microscope makes it possible to explore cell structures and large protein molecules (internally) and uses beams of electrons.
TEM!
what organelle creates ribosomes?
nucleolus
Why is biodiversity important?
biodiversity supports ecosystem stability, allowing it to better withstand environmental changes or disasters
whats analogous v homologous?
homologous structures indicate shared ancestry (divergent evolution), featuring similar anatomy but different functions, like a human arm and a whale flipper. analogous structures indicate independent evolution (convergent evolution), sharing similar functions but having different origins, such as wings on birds and insects
identify and destroy infected, cancerous, or foreign cells
function of compound light microscope?
produces a magnified image by focusing visible light rays through the specimen and magnifies up to 1000x's: you can observe living cells
what are the phases of mitosis and what comes before it? which synthesizes proteins?
Interphase: g1, S (synthesizes), g2, Mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
producer, omnivore, herbivore, carnivore, decomposer; primary producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, etc; heterotroph cannot make their own food so it consumes, autotroph makes their own food; ex: h: mushroom, a: plant
artificial v natural selection
artificial: human selected for desired traits
natural: only the adapted survive
what are enzymes?
proteins that lower activation energy to speed up reaction rates :)
difference between dissecting microscope and compound light?
Use a Compound Microscope for: Viewing individual cells, bacteria, microscopic algae, or thin tissue sections. INTERNAL BUT NOT DETAILED.
Use a Dissecting Microscope for: Examining the surface features of flowers, insects, rocks, small circuits, or for performing precise dissections. EXTERNAL NOT DETAILED.