Unit 1+2
The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.
Total Fertility Rate
for each person; in relation to people taken individually
Per capita
Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics
Popular culture
a force that divides people and countries
Centrifugal force
An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures
Squatter settlement
The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination
Expansion Diffusion
The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe.
Suburbanization
the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape
Cultural landscape
Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in powe
Gerrymandering
The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service
the coordinates of a place using latitude and longitude
absolute location
a term used in agriculture for various businesses involved in food production, including farming, seed supply, agrichemicals, farm machinery, wholesale and distribution, processing, marketing and retail sales
Agribusiness
A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages
lingua franca
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
Nationalism
A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood
Blockbusting
A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster
Refugee
system that divided land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers,roads, or canals
Long-lot survey
The blending of African, European, and some Amerindian cultural elements into the unique sociocultural systems found in the Caribbean.
Creolization
The contentious political process by which a state may break up into smaller countries
Balkanization
A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farthe
Central Place Theory
migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there
Chain Migration
The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment
Tertiary Sector
A place with a high concentration of an ethnic group that is distinct from those in the surrounding area
Ethnic enclave
Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region
Ethnic cleansing
A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area
Gentrification