Exam 1
Exam 2
Exam 3
Exam 4
Exam 5
100
To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, thin, right and left sides along the _______ plane.
Midsagittal or Sagittal
100
The _______ bone has a butterfly shape and contains the sella turcica that protects the pituitary gland.
Sphenoid Bone
100
Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical signal to a target cell?
axon
100
Each neuron is electrically insulated by _______ to not affect the neighboring spinal processes/fiber around them. Below this connective tissue is the myelin sheath of the nerve.
Endoneurium
100
Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called _________.
Paracrine
200
What type of movement:
“A solute can pass through the cell membrane only if there is a carrier powered by ATP, and its movement is towards where there is more of it”
Primary Active Transport
200
The ________ is the smallest lateral bone that does not articulate with the femur.
Fibula
200
The following types of glial cells (supportive cells) are responsible for helping to synthesize myelin, the insulation of axons: _____________ in the central nervous system (CNS) and ____________ in the peripheral nervous system (PNS.)
Oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells
Note: If an axon is severed in the CNS, its done. Whatever function it was accomplishing no longer exist and cannot be regenerated.
200
What cranial nerve is involved in sensing/controlling movement from the face and the top of the head?
trigeminal (cranial nerve 5)
is both sensory and motor
200
The production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone in males?
Inhibin
FSH will lead to the production of sperm in seminiferous tubules. FHS also stimulates the Sertoli cells in the testes to assist in the formation of sperm. Sertoli cells also make inhibin. When Inhibin levels start to rise, rise, and rise it will stop the hypothalamus from releasing Gonadotropin-RF. Low levels of inhibin lead to FSH pathway.
300
In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue?
Simple Columnar
300
_______ (freely movable joints) have the following features: synovial cavity, articular cartilage, articular capsule (outer & inner), and synovial fluid.
Diarthoses or Diarthrosis
300
An inhibitory neurotransmitter would lead to the opening of what ion channels on a post synaptic membrane?
(hint: what ions would lead to hyper-polarization)
K+ and/or Cl-
300
True or False: At the level of the spine, you become aware and conscious of a sensation.
False
Sensation = (unaware) your receptor sensed some stimulus
Perception = (becoming aware) conscious of the sensation in the cerebral cortex
spinal (r)--> brainstem (r) --> thalamus (cp) --> cerebral cortex (pp)
300
What hormone leads the following:
- bone becoming less dense
- increased osteoclast activity
- decreased osteoblast activity
- bone resorption (Ca+ returning to the blood)
PTH is released in response to low blood calcium levels
400
_________ is composed of adipose connective tissue important for mechanical protection, or thermal protection. This layer is technically not considered part of skin, but considered part of the integumentary system.
Hypodermis
400
Low or no amounts of this ion/molecule in the body would lead to neurons not being able to release neurotransmitter (ACh), there would be no movement of troponin to open the myosin binding sites (on actin), so there would be no muscle contraction.
calcium or Ca++
400
If the _____ horns of the spinal segment were damaged, the arrival of sensory information would be disrupted.
dorsal horns
400
For your eyes to focus on a plane very far away, the ciliary body becomes [contracted or relaxed], the suspensory ligaments become [loose or taut], and the lens is [more or less biconvex]
For your eyes to focus on a plane very far away, the ciliary body becomes relaxed/loose, the suspensory ligaments become taut, and the lens is less biconvex/flat
400
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus stimulate the secretion of _______ from the hypothalamus in response to high osmotic pressure.
ADH
500
________ are the stems cells of bone, _________ are cells that make bone tissue, __________ are living cells stuck in bone, and ____________ are cells that destroy bone.
Osteoprogenitor
Osteoblast
Osteocytes
Osteoclast
500
A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner than a marathon runner due to ______ metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter
(hint: leads to the accumulation of lactic acid)
anaerobic metabolism
500
What region of the diencephalon coordinates homeostasis?
Hypothalamus
500
Equilibrium is a blend of both static equilibrium (detected by the _____) and dynamic equilibrium (detected by the _______).
Vestibule (utricle & saccule)
Semicircular canals
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500
In females, the anterior pituitary gland with...
Low Estrogen and Gonadotropin-RF will release ________
High Estrogen and Gonadotropin-RF will release _________
In females, the anterior pituitary gland with...
Low Estrogen and Gonadotropin-RF will release FSH to for the follicular cells to make estrogen
High Estrogen and Gonadotropin-RF will release LH to cause ovulation (estrogen drops)