Blood
what plasma protein is responsible for the clotting of blood?
fibrinogen
name two great vessels of the heart
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
pulmonary trunk
aorta
pulmonary veins
pulmonary arteries
what are the four chambers of the heart?
right and left atrium; right and left ventricle
hormones can control blood pressure.
true or false?
true
where can you find pacemaker cells (the SA node) in the heart?
the right atrium
what is the circulatory route of blood flow?
heart>arteries>capillaries>veins>heart
what is anastomosis? give an example.
when blood vessels merge into one
ex. Circle of Willis
which circuit of the cardiovascular system supplies the left side of the heart?
systemic
what hormone decreases blood pressure via volume reduction?
natriuretic peptide hormone
What is the formula for cardiac output?
CO=HR x SV
blood passes through what two valves when exiting the heart?
pulmonary and aortic
what are the baseline pressures for hypertension and hypotension?
hypertension: 130/80
hypotension: 90/60
which layer of cardiac muscle performs the mechanical work of the heart?
myocardium
what are the three primary vasocontrictors?
Angiotensin II, Epinephrine and Norephrine
What is the difference between systole and diastole?
Systole represents the contraction of the ventricles and diastole represents the relaxation of the ventricles
what is anastomosis? give an example.
when blood vessels merge into one
ex. Circle of Willis
Why does pulmonary circulation have less resistance than systemic circulation?
pulmonary vasculature has a shorter path length and larger diameter in vessels
which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood? what vessel does it receive this blood from?
left atrium; pulmonary veins
Cardiovascular centers are located in what part of the brain?
Medulla Oblongata
what happens at the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave of an EKG?
P wave: signal travels and the atrium contracts
QRS complex: ventricles contract
T wave: ventricles relax
A patient with a history of kidney failure was turned away from donating blood at a blood drive in his neighborhood. Why was he turned away? How does his medical history affect his blood viscosity?
his kidney is unable to secrete the erythropoietin hormone that is vital for RBC production, thus, he has an extremely low RBC count. Low RBC count individuals cannot donate blood because this is highly dangerous to the donor who already does not make enough RBCs.
his history of low RBC count lowers blood viscosity
A patient with a blood clot will have hypertension or hypotension? Why?
hypertension, because clots block blood flow, forcing the heart to work harder and contract faster.
A patient complains of not being able to exercise to her fullest potential after years of weight training and running marathons. What node in the heart is responsible for the decrease in exercise tolerance? Why?
AV node; her SA node has failed or has weakened and is not able to function to its fullest potential.
If a patient comes in with a blood pressure of 140/90 and complaining of excessive thirst, what hormone could be causing these symptoms? Why?
Aldosterone, because it is the hormone that causes the body to retain salt
What would happen to the heart rate of a person with an epinephrine secreting tumor? Why?
heart rate would increase due to the overproduction of the neurotransmitter that acts as a sympathetic nerve stimulator