Endocrine
What are the 3 types of hormone interactions?
Synergistic
Permissive
Antagonistic
What are the names of the creation of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets respectively?
Erythropoiesis, Leukopoiesis, and Thrombopoiesis
Where does valve does blood flow through after going through the entire left side of the heart?
Aortic Semilunar Valve
What is the thickest layer in the veins and what is its function?
Tunica externa; anchors blood vessels in place
Which line of defense are NK cells considered to be a part of?
2nd line of defense (innate)
What disease is associated with a lack of or resistance to insulin
Diabetes Mellitus
What are the 4 forms of blood clotting disorders?
Thrombus, Hematoma, Embolus, Infarct
What is the term for the heart murmur that occurs when a valve cannot fully open?
Stenosis
What is the purpose of valves and where are they found?
Which cells present antigens?
Macrophages and dendritic cells
What are the 3 types of hormones secreted by the adrenal gland?
Mineralcorticoids, Glucocorticoids, and Androgens
Describe the three steps to hemostasis.
Platelet Plugs: Platelets attach collagen to wall
Coagulation: Clotting factors form fibrin
What are the two types of heart fibers and what do they do?
Autorhythmic Fibers: generates action potentials
Contractile Fibers: Contracts the heart chambers
What solutes are fenestrated capillaries permeable to?
Water, ions, glucose, smaller solutes
What are the 3 goals of inflammation?
Vasodilation, Recruitment of immune cells, and increased vessel permeability
What are the 4 systems of hormone regulation?
Nervous system
Other Hormones
Chemical blood changes
Organ Distension
What are the 3 proteins in plasma and what do they do?
Albumin: transports fatty acids and steroid hormones
Globulins: Transports hormones or act as antibodies
Fibrinogen: Becomes fibrinogen for blood clotting
List all the ECG signals in order
P wave, PR segment, QRS Complex, ST Segment, T wave
What two pressures combine to form the 'outward forces' of net filtration pressure?
Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure & Osmotic Interstitial Pressure
Which cells are considered microphages?
What are the names of all 5 major endocrine axes and what do they regulate?
Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis (Stress)
Hypothalamo-Pituitary Thyroid Axis (Metabolism)
Hypothalamo-Pituitary Gonadal Axis (Reproduction)
Hypothalamo-Pituitary Somatotropic Axis (Growth)
Hypothalamo-Pituitary Mammary Axis (Lactation)
What are the 6 types of anemias?
Renal Anemia, Iron deficiency Anemia, Pernicious Anemia, Aplastic Anemia, Hemorrhagic Anemia, Hemolytic Anemia
What factors are taken into account when measuring stroke volume?
Preload, Contractility, Afterload
Which aspect of hemodynamics has a negative correlation with blood velocity?
Resistance
What are the two MHC type functions and where are they found?
MHC I:binds to CD8, self antigen recognition, every cell except RBC
MHC II: binds to CD4, foreign antigen presentation, only in macrophages and dendritic cells