General
The process of gases moving into and out of the lungs:
Internal respiration
Which cartilage wraps all the way around the larynx?
Cricoid
Which three factors affect pulmonary ventilation?
Airway resistance, lung compliance and alveolar surface tension
This law states that the total pressure exerted by mixture of gases is equal to sum of pressures exerted by each gas
Dalton's law
Where does gas exchange occur?
At the alveoli
The lower respiratory system begins here:
Larynx
Which cells secrete surfactant in the lungs?
Type II alveolar cells
Most carbon dioxide is transported through the blood as:
Bicarbonate ions
This law states that pressure and volume of gases are inversely related
Boyle's law
What happens to our oxygen saturation at high altitude?
It slightly decreases from about 98% to about 95%
The function of these are to: lighten the skull, act as a resonating chamber for sound, help warm and moisten air, and produce mucus.
Paranasal sinuses
The respiratory membrane is made up of these three structures:
Epithelia of the capillary and alveolus and their basement membranes
This describes when hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily.
Bohr effect
This is a normal quiet breath in or out
Tidal volume
Which enzyme catalyzes both the forward and reverse reaction Bicarbonate + hydrogen ions <--> Carbon dioxide and water
Carbonic anhydrase
There are no tonsils found in this area of the pharynx.
Laryngopharynx
This has to be 4 mm Hg less than intrapulmonary pressure or else the lung will collapse.
Intrapleural pressure
A higher pH move the hemoglobin affinity curve to the: (left or right)
Left, known as the Haldane effeect
After a normal breath out, this is how much more air you can force out.
Expiratory reserve volume
In this type of hypoxia, there is impaired or blocked blood circulation
Ischemic
Which respiratory structure is also part of the digestive system and is a passageway for air and food?
Pharynx
The primary muscles of exhalation include:
The diaphragm and internal intercostals
The factor that affects hemoglobin saturation MOST is:
Partial pressure of oxygen
This is the amount of air left in the lungs that cannot be expelled unless the lung collapses.
Residual volume
This is inflammation of the larynx and causes us to "lose our voice".
Laryngitis