Muscle Basics
The three types of muscle tissue found in the human body
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
The contractile unit of a muscle fiber
Sarcomere
Muscles can only do this action on bones
Pull
The two main divisions of the nervous system
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The basic functional unit of the nervous system
Neuron
What type of muscle is voluntary and striated?
Skeletal muscle
Which protein forms the thick filaments in a muscle?
Myosin
The three classes of levers are based on the position of these three parts
Fulcrum, effort, and load
The CNS consists of which two organs?
Brain and spinal cord
The gaps between Schwann cells where impulses jump during saltatory conduction
Nodes of Ranvier
The property that allows a muscle to return to its original shape after being stretched
Elasticity
What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Stores and releases calcium ions
The type of lever where the fulcrum is between the load and effort (e.g., seesaw)
First-class lever
The PNS is divided into these two functional divisions
Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)
The voltage across a neuron’s membrane at rest
-70 mV (resting membrane potential)
What is the main function of the muscular system?
To produce movement
What is the name of the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber?
Sarcolemma
What term refers to the prime mover that provides the main force for movement?
Agonist
The motor division splits into the somatic and this system
Autonomic
What type of ion channels open in response to neurotransmitters?
Chemically gated ion channels
This connective tissue surrounds the entire muscle
Epimysium
What is the name of the space where a motor neuron meets a muscle fiber?
Neuromuscular junction
A muscle that opposes or reverses a movement is called this
Antagonist
Which division of the autonomic system is responsible for “rest and digest”?
Parasympathetic division
The all-or-none principle refers to what?
A neuron fires completely or not at all