The author uses the word “obscure” in the first sentence of paragraph 3 to mean
ambiguous
not well known
uncertain
unusually small
2. not well known
The primary purpose of the first paragraph is to
inspire students to enter scientific professions
encourage people to follow the progress of current scientific research
call attention to the decline of a significant field of study
explain the relationship between different scientific disciplines
3. call attention to the decline of a significant field of study
The primary rhetorical strategy in the passage is the
exemplification of key concepts and ideas
narration of stories and use of personal anecdotes
description of research methodologies
comparison and contrast of differing viewpoints
1. exemplification of key concepts and ideas
The author’s tone is best described as
polite yet condescending
concerned yet hopeful
critical and indignant
pessimistic and discouraged
2. concerned yet hopeful
In the context of sentence 7, the words “one is retired” are best described as
a detail that makes a critical situation even more precarious
a claim that is of equal concern to scientists and the general public
an excuse for outdated designs for research projects
an aside that undermines the point about taxonomy that is being made
1. a detail that makes a critical situation even more precarious
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the first and second paragraphs?
The second paragraph illustrates the work of the specialists mentioned in the first paragraph.
The second paragraph describes the effects of an issue raised in the first paragraph.
The second paragraph questions the logic of an idea expressed in the first paragraph.
The second paragraph lists the practical applications of a theory proposed in the first paragraph.
2. The second paragraph describes the effects of an issue raised in the first paragraph.
In the passage, italics are used to highlight
ideas that scientists consider outdated
the hypotheses that the author challenges
trends that the author has encouraged
the major points of the author’s argument
4. the major points of the author’s argument
One important purpose of the passage is to
urge the public to contribute money to a proposed taxonomy project
suggest that ecological conservation is a beneficial enterprise
question why some species are better protected than others
promote scientific organizations devoted to improving global well-being
2. suggest that ecological conservation is a beneficial enterprise
The series of phrases in the fifth sentence (“Marvelously varied… acre of land”) primarily conveys the
ferocity with which springtails and oribatid mites compete for survival
array of tiny animals that coexist with springtails and oribatid mites in the silk
characteristics of springtails and oribatid mites
life span of springtails and oribatid mites living in the soil
3. characteristics of springtails and oribatid mites
Which of the following is true of the position presented in the fourth and fifth sentences of the final paragraph (“The second… progress”)?
It takes issue with the claims made in the previous sentence.
It acknowledges that the solution to the problem will involve painful choices.
It emphasizes that immediate action is essential for success.
It suggests that an assumption held by many people may be incorrect.
4. It suggests that an assumption held by many people may be incorrect.
The author cites a Chinese saying (last sentence of paragraph 2) to emphasize the
contrast between Eastern and Western science
intricacy of the relationships that unite living beings
importance of taxonomy as a field of study
danger of postponing biological research
3. importance of taxonomy as a field of study
It can be inferred from the passage that the author assumes the reader is
a generalist who needs an explanation of specialized concepts
a student seeking facts in order to develop a testable thesis
a colleague evaluating a proposal for a research project
an enthusiast aware of current discoveries and debates
1. a generalist who needs an explanation of specialized concepts
The author mentions “glass-blowing and harpsichord manufacture” (third sentence) to suggest that taxonomy is
a field characterized by antiquated practices
an art that is extremely difficult to master
a profession practiced by relatively few people
an area of expertise with various practical applications
3. a profession practiced by relatively few people
The third paragraph serves which of the following functions?
It explains the results of a controversial study.
It compares examples that illustrate a point.
It explores social and historical contexts.
It speculates about a potential improvement.
4. It speculates about a potential improvement.
The passage is most likely excerpted from
an educational article promoting awareness of a critical scientific issue
a scholarly essay substantiating the veracity of a recent scientific discovery
a historical document describing public funding for biodiversity studies
a research report criticizing the behavior of both sides in a current scientific debate
1. an educational article promoting awareness of a critical scientific issue