SPACE
The inspiration, stimulation, provokation, or prompt which cause writers to create a text.
Exigence
Pros: Easy to accept because they show trends to support claims
Cons: Readers may not trust the source or may think the data was unfairly manipulated
Statistics
Karen was accused of murdering John [ ] there were broken tail light shards at the scene, she was angry with him that night, and on the police officer's dash cam she was inebriated and hysterical.
:
To explain the reason why a consequence happened in a specific situation
Cause and Effect
Cherry-picking a data cluster to suite your argument or finding a pattern to fit a presumption.
Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy
A group that has shared as well as individual beliefs, values, needs, and backgrounds.
Pros: Make something unfamiliar or complex more understandable.
Cons: Readers may not understand the things being compared, causing them to reject the argument.
Analogies
Karen and John had gone drinking that night [ ] moreover, she was angry with him.
;
To take one large concept and divide it into individual pieces.
You presume that a real or perceived relationship between things means that one is the cause of the other.
False Cause Fallacy
What the writer hopes to accomplish with the text. There may be multiple.
Purpose
Pros: Reads can see how a claim would matter in the real world.
Cons: Readers may not agree on what the ____ proves.
Anecdote
Fix the passive voice problem:
"How long does it take to die in the cold" was Google searched at 1am.
Karen Reed's friend Googled "How long does it take to die in the cold".
To tell a story or relate an event.
Narration
Presenting a circular argument in which the conlcusion was included in the premise.
Begging the Question Fallacy
The voice that is "telling" us the story or speech. It may be the author, or it may be somone else.
Speaker.
Pros: Build trust in the writer and in the claim.
Cons: Readers may not trust the _____ or may reject the ideas as just opinions.
Expert Opinion
Fix the parallel structure:
Karen read drank to excess, drove under the influence, and was lying about her alibi.
lied about her alibi (past tense ver +prepositional or infinitive phrase)
To recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that which is being described.
Description
Presenting two alternative states as the only possibilities, when in fact more possiblities exist.
Black or White Fallacy
Strongly influences the message: time, place, occasion. Should consider both immediate and broad.
Pros: Make the writer appear more relatable and trustworthy.
Cons: Readers may believe they are biased and unreliable.
Personal Experience
Dangling or Misplaced? Correct it.
Karen struggled to remember what had happened that night after arriving home, texting her friends frantically.
Misplaced
Texting her friends frantically, Karen struggled to remember what had happened that night after arriving home.
The "how-to" instructions.
Process Analysis
Misrepresenting someone's agument to make it easier to attack.
Strawman