Labor, Land & Culture
Indian Ocean & Global Trade
Empires & Centralization (1450–1750)
State Power & Governance (1200–1450)
Conflict, War, & Resistance
Disease, Exchange, & Society
100
This traditional labor system was the characteristic backbone of China's pre-1450 economy.
What is peasant labor?
100
By 1250 C.E., this religious group was the most dominant in the Trans-Saharan trade networks.
What are Muslim merchants?
100
This American empire during 1450–1750 was able to expand and conquer surrounding nations, despite having no access to gunpowder weapons.
What is the Aztec Empire?
100
The cyclical nature of time, death, and rebirth are core belifes of this religion.
What is Hinduism?
100
Safavid trade expanded geographically in the 1450–1750 period largely due to exchanges with these European commercial entities in Asia.
What are trading-posts?
100
The history of this navigational tool best supports the argument that non-European inventions aided European global expansion (1450-1750).
What is the compass?
200
This indigenous system of labor tribute in the Incan Empire was adapted by the Spanish to exploit mines in the Andes.
What is the Mita system?
200
The spread of Islam created these distinct, permanent settlement groups in Indian Ocean trading cities.
What are diasporic communities?
200
Often used in China, states needed to adopt this governing model to manage the increasing size of their armies and the complexity of their tax systems.
What are state bureaucracies?
200
African states like Ethiopia most often used religion and laws to bolster this key aspect of a ruler's power.
What is legitimacy?
200
Conflicts between the Shi'a Safavids and their Sunni neighbors most directly disrupted this specific type of trade.
What is land-based trade?
200
The introduction of this New World staple crop to Afro-Eurasia most directly led to major population increases in China and Africa (1450-1750).
What is maize/corn? 
300
This is the positive outcome of technological innovations, like the water wheel, on the Chinese economy (1200–1450).
What are agricultural yields?
300
Innovations like the astrolabe and lateen sail most contributed to the ability of Omani traders to make long voyages.
What are maritime innovations?
300
The expansion and professionalization of armies forced states to develop new methods of this.
What is revenue generation? (taxes and tribute systems)
300
prevalence of Christianity in Ethiopia can be attributed to the continuity of religious traditions due to these past events.
What are cultural transfers?
300
This commodity, flowing from the Americas, was the primary factor expanding trade between Europe and Asia (1450–1750).
What is American silver?
300
This deadly epidemic spread most efficiently along trade routes and was therefore more common in urban areas.
What is the Bubonic Plague?
400
This term describes the blend of local Indian and foreign Islamic elements, such as a Mughal Mosques built by Akbar in India.
What is cultural syncretism?
400
The timing and direction of Indian Ocean voyages were primarily governed by knowledge of this seasonal weather phenomenon.
What are monsoon wind patterns?
400
As military forces grew, states like France and England increased their power at the expense of local nobles by establishing this.
What is centralized authority?
400
The expansion of the Mongol Empire most directly caused this political consequence for states like the Song dynasty.
What is state collapse?
400
The Dutch established their clove monopoly using these powerful commercial entities.
What are joint-stock companies?
400
The massive and rapid expansion of this Central Asian group was the most important factor in the speed of the plague's spread across Eurasia.
What is Mongol expansion?
500
The Maya elite used these high-status objects, exchanged over long distances, to maintain their social status and power.
What are exotic goods?
500
The Portuguese presence in Asia was primarily enabled by developments in cartography and this other skill.
What is navigation?
500
The use of siege artillery by the Ottomans intensified these long-standing conflicts with neighboring states.
What are political rivalries?
500
Mongol traditions that emphasized tribal and personal loyalty made it difficult to establish this political structure.
What is centralized rule?
500
The intensification of diplomacy and commerce (1450-1750) was often accompanied by an increase in this type of cultural activity, as seen with the Portuguese in China.
What is missionary activity?
500
Europeans beleived divine providence protected them and explained why they were not affected by this illness that devastated Native American populations.
What is smallpox
600
This coercive labor system was more common in Europe than in China before 1450, and its decline was hastened by the Black Death.
What is serfdom?
600
The Mongol conquests and the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate were key factors in the rise of this powerful West African empire.
What is the Mali Empire?
600
The revolt in Jamaica led by enslaved people in 1688 represents this mounting challenge to European imperial authority in the Americas.
What is resistance to slavery?
600
The Mongol Empire's power contributed to this net effect on the volume of this along the Silk Road.
What is increase in long-distance trade?
600
The Safavid empire allowed the participation of Armenian Christians and Jews in trade, demonstrating this common feature of Islamic empires.
What is multiethnic trade?
600
This spread along the trade routs due to Mongol conquest and had a positive impact on Afroeurasia
What is technological innovation?