Human Body Basics
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy is the study of structure; physiology is the study of function
Why does epithelial tissue need to regenerate quickly?
Because it is exposed to friction and damage, protecting underlying tissues
What is the largest human organ by weight/surface area?
What is the skin
What are the 2 types of bone?
What is spongy bone and cortical or compact bone
What are the 3 types of muscle?
What is smooth, skeletal, & cardiac muscle
List the levels of organization in the human body from smallest to largest.
Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
What does “avascular” mean, and which tissue is avascular?
Avascular means no blood vessels; epithelial tissue is avascular
What type of tissue makes up the epidermis?
What is Stratified squamous epithelial tissue
What is hematopoiesis & where does it occur?
What is the production of blood cells & it occurs in red bone marrow
What is the neuromuscular junction called and what is released there?
What is a synapse which releases acetylcholine (ACh)
What is homeostasis & why is it homeostasis important for living organisms?
To maintain a stable balance of our internal environment for proper functioning
What makes connective tissue unique compared to other tissue types?
It has an extracellular matrix that provides support and structure
What is melanin, its types & function?
Melanin is a pigment that gives color, 2 types: eumelanin & pheomelanin, function is to protect skin from UV radiation
What is mostly found in the medullary cavity of adults and what is its function?
What is Yellow marrow, which functions to store fat
The sliding filament theory involves what two protein filaments & how to tell them apart?
Answer: What are actin (thin filament) and myosin (thick filament)
What is one negative feedback loop in the human body.
What is body temperature regulation—when temperature rises, sweating cools the body
Which tissue stores energy and insulates the body and what is its building block?
Adipose tissue with building blocks fatty acid & glycerol
What is the scientific word for a sweat gland and how does sweat help maintain homeostasis?
What is sudoriferous gland which produces sweat which evaporates, cooling the body and regulating temperature
What are the 2 types of skeleton and name 2 bones in each
The AXIAL skeleton- bones: Skull, vertebral column, rib cage
The APPENDICULAR skeleton- bones: Limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle
What is an agonist and name the agonist used for inhalation.
What is the muscle that does the most movement and it is the Diaphragm
What is an example of a Positive feedback loop in the body
What is connective tissue- give an example and say why is it classified that way?
Connective tissue is tissue with an extracellular matrix that provides support and structure. Blood is connective because it has cells suspended in a fluid matrix. Bone's matrix is the osteon/trabeculae
What are 2 differences between eccrine & apocrine glands.
Eccrine glands produce watery sweat for cooling & are found throughout the body; apocrine glands produce thicker sweat with odor and only found in armpits and groin.
Which bone cell type breaks down bone & which builds it up?
Osteoclasts break down bone and Osteoblasts build them up
What is the functional unit of a muscle fiber responsible for contraction and what ion starts off the process?
What is a sarcomere and Calcium ions start off the contraction process