Vocabulary
Relating to, based on, or agreeable to reason (instead of superstition).
What is rational?
“Father of capitalism”, Wealth of Nations
Who was Adam Smith?
He began the Stuart dynasty after the death of Queen Elizabeth I, who left no direct heirs.
Who was King James I?
A belief in natural rights, constitutional government, reduced spending on armies and against established churches; in favor of expanding political representation (initially for only males, but later to females too) Locke
What is classic liberalism?
The euphemistic term for the horrific journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.
What was the Middle Passage?
A science that deals with the formal principles of reason.
What is logic?
The belief that knowledge comes from experience and experiments, not just tradition and reason. Use of natural data to back this knowledge up.
What is empiricism?
Lawmaking body in the UK; Kings like James I and Charles I did not work well with them.
What is Parliament?
The 19th century movement that began in central Europe to reestablish an independent Jewish homeland in the Middle East (at that time controlled by the Ottoman Empire) because that was the original location of Judaism; this was due to the repeated Jewish persecutions throughout European history; and in the 19th century that meant pogroms in Russia specifically, however anti-Semitism was not hard to find elsewhere throughout Europe.
What is Zionism?
What is the peculiar institution?
Sufficient ground of explanation or of logical defense
What is reason?
A feeling of intense loyalty to others who share one’s language and culture, and the belief that those who share a culture should also live in independent nation-states. Intense pride in one's country and viewing others often as inferior.
What is nationalism?
What are Ireland, Scotland and Spain?
The belief that women should have equal rights and opportunities as men; and be equal under the law to own property, be educated, to work and earn equal pay.
What is feminism?
This religious text was frequently used to defend slavery.
What is the Bible?
When one company/country/individual controls the trade and production of a commodity
What is a monopoly?
The belief that people are willing to give up certain rights and limits to their freedoms for the greater good and to maintain law and order.
What is the social contract?
On the side of King Charles I.
Who were the Royalists aka Cavaliers?
An economic and political theory that there is public and/or direct worker ownership of the means of production (factories, mines, mills); it will have many branches; also refers to people who believed that tax dollars should fund things to support the population such as public schools, public hospitals, and police forces. It will grow in places where industrialization and the ills of rapid growth of cities leads to terrible abuses of workers (especially children) and horrible living conditions for them with that modernization. They will politically fight for safer working conditions, environmental cleanup of pollution, and social services for families.
What is socialism?
To be exempt (free from) punishment or consequences for a crime and/or wrongdoing, this was the case when enslaved people and indigenous people were murdered by their enslavers.
What is impunity?
A way to try to downplay how something is described so it won’t seem as negative or harsh as it really is
What is a euphamism?
French philosopher; checks and balances in government and separation of powers (different branches of government so one branch is not all powerful)
Who was Baron de Montesquieu?
On the side of Parliament, often led by Puritans and coastal merchants who were fed up with Charles I tax policies.
Who were the MPs; aka the Roundheads?
French term for “leave alone”; it meant that the government should reduce the interventions in economic decisions and let consumers and businesses guide the market of prices, supply and demand.
What is Laizzes-Faire?
To deprive people of their basic human rights and dignity; to be viewed and treated as lesser than other humans.
What is dehumanize?
Dominican/Friar/Franciscan
What are different titles/orders of the priesthood of the Roman Catholic Church?
French writer and philosopher, wrote satire (got in trouble for who he made fun of); advocated for civil liberties and religious tolerance. He was often censored, in exile, and even went to jail for criticizing and mocking powerful leaders.
Who was Voltaire?
This was who King Charles believed he had to answer to as well as who gave him the divine right to rule.
Who was god?
Swiss/French philosopher; optimist; believed society could improve; also said it was a sovereign’s duty to carry out what the people want; also believed in the “tabula rasa” idea that children were born innocent and that childhood was a distinct and different developmental and that children required love and affection to thrive.
Who was Rousseau?
Communities of enslaved people who escaped were also a consistent threat to their enslavers, and they lived in the mountainous regions where they could avoid recapture, and maintain their African traditions.
Who were the Maroons?
Within a country aka domestic.
What is internal?
A form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions. The UK and the Netherlands led the way.
What is constitutional/limited/parliamentary monarchy?
These people were continually having their land taken away the English protestants; it did not improve under James I, Charles I or Cromwell.
Who were the Irish?
An economic system in which the means of production, such as factories and natural resources, are privately owned and operated for profit, without government interference.
What is capitalism?
What was sexual assaults and forced interactions with the women whom they enslaved, resulting in children, who inherited the enslaved status of their mothers?
Foreign, from outside of a country.
What is external?
A belief in traditional institutions and practical experience; resistant to change; clinging to traditional practices.
What is conservatism?
If King Charles had done this, he probably would not have been executed after his trial and guilty verdict.
What is apologize?
The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
What are civil rights?
These were people born in the Americas of European heritage, specifically French and Spanish, there is variety to these people too, as some were also a mixture of French, Spanish and African, and were free people of color.
Who were Creoles?
The movement to end both the slave trade, slavery and serfdom.
What is the abolitionist movement?
The belief in a divine higher being (god); but beyond that believing that is not a part of organized religion or daily life, instead looking to scientific inquiry not the Bible. They are going to be considered heretics by many religious authorities.
What is deism?
Members of the House of Lords in Parliament, to this day, come to their political position in this way.
What is they inherit it?
Leviathan, believed in strong monarchies and strict laws; otherwise people would be out of control; hence why the social contract was necessary; English
Who was Hobbes?
Guaranteed personal freedoms that are written into the law of a government and can not be taken away. Enslaved people did not have any.
What are civil liberties?