Overview and Structure of the Skeletal System
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
support and shape the body, protection of internal organs, movement in unison with muscles, storage of minerals and lipids, blood cell production
What are the functions of the muscular system?
stabilizing joints, maintaining posture, producing movement, moving substances within the body, stabiliizng body position and regulating organ volume, producing heat
What is the bone repair sequence?
injury-invasion of blood cells and generalized cells-fibroblasts develop-chondroblasts develop-callus forms-remodeling with osteoclasts
Describe possible injuries of the muscular system
strains, sprains, cramps, stress-induced muscle tension
What are the bone cells?
osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, osteoclasts, bone lining cells
What does the axial skeleton contain?
skull, ossicles of the middle ear, hyoid bone, thorax or chest, vertebral column
What are the characteristics of muscle tissue?
excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity
What are the possible types of injuries?
osteoarthiritis, osteoporosis, fractures, disc herniation, scoliosis, ACL and MCL
What are some muscular disorders?
poliomyelitis, muscular dystrophies, myasthenia gravis
What is the structure of the long bone?
compact bone, spongy bone, cartilage
What does the appendicular skeleton contain?
upper extremity- shoulder girdle, arms, hands
lower extremity- pelvic girdle, legs, feet
What are the types of muscles and what are each of their functions?
moves the body, compression of tubes and ducts, heart contraction to propel blood
What are the types of skeletal cartilage?
hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage,
What are the types of bones and give examples of each?
long arm and legs, short ankle and wrist, sesamoid patella, flat ribs, irregular hip
What is a sacromere?
basic functional unit of the muscle fiber of the array of thick and thin filaments between 2 Z discs
What are the types of vertebrae? Describe the cervical?
cervical atlas supports head and axis turns head, thoracic, lumbar
What happens to the I bands during contraction and relaxes?
width decrease; width of I bands seperate