People
Who was Karl Marx?
1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his belief that communism would replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society.
(1899-1902) Dutch colonists and the British competed for control of territory in South Africa.
Boer War
Issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862, it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free
Emancipation Proclamation
An assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France.
Estates General
Inventor of the cotton gin
Eli Whitney
President of Mexico continuously (1876-1911), fell from power during the Mexican Revolution. The years in which he ruled Mexico are referred to as the Porfiriato. He is known as a Caudillo.
Porfirio Diaz
1898; A conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence
Spanish-American War
1823; US foreign policy regarding Latin American countries stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention.
Monroe Doctrine
Define the National Assembly
French Revolutionary assembly (1789-1791). Called first as the Estates General, the three estates came together and demanded radical change. It passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.
Venezuelan statesman: leader of the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule.
Simon Bolivar
(1815-1898) Prime Minister of Prussia; wanted a greater, unified Germany; preferred "iron and blood" to diplomacy
Otto Van Bismark
(1870-1871) War between Prussia and France; Prussian victory led to the unification of Germany, led by Kaiser William I. Instigated by Bismarck; France, led by Napoleon III seen as the aggressor. Ended by the Treaty of Frankfurt, which ceded the territories of Alsace and most of Lorraine to Germany
Franco-Prussian War
Define the Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force.
Radical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793 to 1794.
Jacobins
Mexican priest who led peasants in call for independence and improved conditions
Miguel Hidalgo
Led the navy that steamed into Tokyo Bay with demands that Japan open its doors to the west
Commadore Matthew Perry
Define the Meiji Restoration
The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism
(1882) A law that suspended Chinese immigration into America. The ban was supposed to last 10 years, but it was expanded several times and was essentially in effect until WWII; the first significant law that restricted immigration into the United States.
Chinese Exclusion Act
A Chinese secret society that blamed the country's ills on foreigners, especially missionaries, rose in rebellion in 1899-1900. The group practiced certain boxing and callisthenic rituals in the belief that this made them invulnerable."
Boxers
He was king of Sardinia, Piedmont, and Savory until 1861 when he was crowned the first king of a united Italy
Victor Emmanuel II
French lawyer and statesman who was one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution. They briefly presided over the influential Jacobin Club, a political club based in Paris. They also served as president of the National Convention and on the Committee of Public Safety.
Maximillian Robespierre
Late 19th century movement in China to counter the challenge from the West; led by provincial leaders
Self-Strengthening Movement
A peace treaty signed by China and Great Britain, ending the Opium War but also greatly restricting Chinese control over their own trade with western countries
Treaty of Nanking
A group of British workers who between 1811 and 1816 rioted and destroyed laborsaving textile machinery in the belief that such machinery would diminish employment.
Luddites
Who were Wilhelm the I and II?
Wilhelm I: King of Prussia in 1861 and sought to increase Prussian power. In 1871, at the Palace of Versailles after the Franco-Prussian war, he was proclaimed Kaiser of the German Empire.
Wilhelm II: Last German Emperor and King of Prussia (after Wilhelm I), reigning from 15 June 1888 until his abdication on 9 November 1918